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Plant Physiol, September 2001, Vol. 127, pp. 173-183
Maize Genes Encoding the Small Subunit of ADP- Glucose
Pyrophosphorylase1
L. Curtis
Hannah,*
Janine R.
Shaw,
Michael J.
Giroux,2
Agnes
Reyss,
Jean-Louis
Prioul,
Jung-Myung
Bae,3 and
Jung-Youn
Lee4
Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, Horticultural
Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110690, 2211 Fifield Hall,
Gainesville, Florida, 32611 (L.C.H., J.R.S., M.J.G., J.-M.B., J.-Y.L.);
and Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR8618,
Associé au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,
Structure et Métabolisme des Plantes, Bât. 630, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France (A.R.,
J.-L.P.)
Plant ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) is a heterotetrameric
enzyme composed of two large and two small subunits. Here, we report
the structures of the maize (Zea mays) genes encoding AGP small subunits of leaf and endosperm. Excluding exon 1, protein-encoding sequences of the two genes are nearly identical. Exon
1 coding sequences, however, possess no similarity. Introns are placed in identical positions and exhibit obvious sequence similarity. Size
differences are primarily due to insertions and duplications, hallmarks
of transposable element visitation. Comparison of the maize genes with
other plant AGP small subunit genes leads to a number of noteworthy
inferences concerning the evolution of these genes. The small subunit
gene can be divided into two modules. One module, encompassing all
coding information except that derived from exon 1, displays striking
similarity among all genes. It is surprising that members from eudicots
form one group, whereas those from cereals form a second group. This
implies that the duplications giving rise to family members occurred at
least twice and after the separation of eudicots and monocot cereals.
One intron within this module may have had a transposon origin. A different evolutionary history is suggested for exon 1. These sequences
define three distinct groups, two of which come from cereal seeds. This
distinction likely has functional significance because cereal endosperm
AGPs are cytosolic, whereas all other forms appear to be plastid
localized. Finally, whereas barley (Hordeum vulgare)
reportedly employs only one gene to encode the small subunit of the
seed and leaf, maize utilizes the two genes described here.
1
This work was supported in part by the National
Science Foundation (grant nos. IBN-9316887, IBN-960416,
IBN-9982626, and MCB-9420422) and by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture Competitive Grants Program (grant nos.
94-37300-453, 9500836, 95-37301-2080, 9701964, 97-36306-4461, 98-01006, and 2000-01488). This is Florida Agricultural Experiment Station journal series no. R-07950.
2
Present address: P.O. Box 173150, Department of Plant
Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150.
3
Present address: Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea
University, 5-1, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.
4
Present address: One Shields Avenue, Life Sciences
Additions, Section of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis,
CA 95616.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail Hannah{at}gnv.ifas.ufl.edu; fax
352-392-5653.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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