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Plant Physiol, September 2001, Vol. 127, pp. 67-77
The Arabidopsis immutans Mutation Affects Plastid
Differentiation and the Morphogenesis of White and Green Sectors in
Variegated Plants1
Maneesha R.
Aluru,
Hanhong
Bae,
Dongying
Wu,2 and
Steven R.
Rodermel*
Department of Botany and Interdepartmental Genetics Program, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
The immutans (im) variegation mutant
of Arabidopsis has green and white leaf sectors due to the action of a
nuclear recessive gene, IMMUTANS (IM).
This gene encodes the IM protein, which is a chloroplast homolog of the
mitochondrial alternative oxidase. Because the white sectors of
im accumulate the noncolored carotenoid, phytoene, IM
likely serves as a redox component in phytoene desaturation. In this
paper, we show that IM has a global impact on plant growth and
development and is required for the differentiation of multiple plastid
types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. IM promoter activity and IM mRNAs are
also expressed ubiquitously in Arabidopsis. IM transcript levels
correlate with carotenoid accumulation in some, but not all, tissues.
This suggests that IM function is not limited to carotenogenesis. Leaf
anatomy is radically altered in the green and white sectors of
im: Mesophyll cell sizes are dramatically enlarged in
the green sectors and palisade cells fail to expand in the white
sectors. The green im sectors also have significantly
higher than normal rates of O2 evolution and elevated
chlorophyll a/b ratios, typical of those found in
"sun" leaves. We conclude that the changes in structure and
photosynthetic function of the green leaf sectors are part of an
adaptive mechanism that attempts to compensate for a lack of
photosynthesis in the white leaf sectors, while maximizing the ability
of the plant to avoid photodamage.
1
This work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy (Energy Biosciences; grant no. DE-FG02-94ER20147 to
S.R.R.). This is journal paper no. J-19348 of the Iowa Agricultural
Experiment Station (Ames), project no. 2987.
2
Present address: Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail rodermel{at}iastate.edu; fax
515-294-8890.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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