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Plant Physiol, October 2001, Vol. 127, pp. 551-565
Cell Wall Architecture of the Elongating Maize
Coleoptile1
Nicholas C.
Carpita,
Marianne
Defernez,
Kim
Findlay,
Brian
Wells,
Douglas A.
Shoue,
Gareth
Catchpole,
Reginald H.
Wilson, and
Maureen C.
McCann*
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1155 (N.C.C., D.A.S.); Department of Food
Metrology, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney,
Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom (M.D., G.C., R.H.W.); and Department of
Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research
Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (K.F., B.W.,
M.C.M.)
The primary walls of grasses are composed of cellulose
microfibrils, glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAXs), and mixed-linkage
 -glucans, together with smaller amounts of xyloglucans,
glucomannans, pectins, and a network of polyphenolic substances.
Chemical imaging by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy
revealed large differences in the distributions of many chemical
species between different tissues of the maize (Zea
mays) coleoptile. This was confirmed by chemical analyses of
isolated outer epidermal tissues compared with mesophyll-enriched
preparations. Glucomannans and esterified uronic acids were more
abundant in the epidermis, whereas -glucans were more abundant in
the mesophyll cells. The localization of -glucan was confirmed by
immunocytochemistry in the electron microscope and quantitative
biochemical assays. We used field emission scanning electron
microscopy, infrared microspectroscopy, and biochemical
characterization of sequentially extracted polymers to further
characterize the cell wall architecture of the epidermis. Oxidation of
the phenolic network followed by dilute NaOH extraction widened the
pores of the wall substantially and permitted observation by scanning
electron microscopy of up to six distinct microfibrillar lamellae.
Sequential chemical extraction of specific polysaccharides together
with enzymic digestion of -glucans allowed us to distinguish two
distinct domains in the grass primary wall. First, a
-glucan-enriched domain, coextensive with GAXs of low degrees of
arabinosyl substitution and glucomannans, is tightly associated around
microfibrils. Second, a GAX that is more highly substituted with
arabinosyl residues and additional glucomannan provides an interstitial
domain that interconnects the -glucan-coated microfibrils.
Implications for current models that attempt to explain the biochemical
and biophysical mechanism of wall loosening during cell growth are discussed.
1
This work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy, Energy Biosciences (grant to N.C.C.), by the Biotechnology
and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant to R.H.W. and M.C.M.),
and by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (to M.C.M.). This is journal paper no. 16,541 of the Purdue University Agriculture Experiment Station.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail maureen.mccann{at}bbsrc.ac.uk; fax
44-1603-450-022.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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