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Plant Physiol, November 2001, Vol. 127, pp. 842-851
Diversity of Arabidopsis Genes Encoding Precursors for
Phytosulfokine, a Peptide Growth Factor1
Heping
Yang,2*
Yoshikatsu
Matsubayashi,
Kenzo
Nakamura, and
Youji
Sakagami
Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
Phytosulfokine- (PSK-), a unique plant peptide growth factor,
was originally isolated from conditioned medium of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) mesophyll cell cultures. PSK-
has several biological activities including promoting plant cell
proliferation. Four genes that encode precursors of PSK- have been
identified from Arabidopsis. Analysis of cDNAs for two of these,
AtPSK2 and AtPSK3, shows that both of
these genes consist of two exons and one intron. The predicted
precursors have N-terminal signal peptides and only a single PSK-
sequence located close to their carboxyl termini. Both precursors
contain dibasic processing sites flanking PSK, analogous to animal and
yeast prohormones. Although the PSK domain including the sequence of
PSK- and three amino acids preceding it are perfectly conserved, the
precursors bear very limited similarity among Arabidopsis and rice
(Oryza sativa), suggesting a new level of diversity
among polypeptides that are processed into the same signaling molecule
in plants, a scenario not found in animals and yeast. Unnatural
[serine-4]PSK- was found to be secreted by transgenic Arabidopsis
cells expressing a mutant of either AtPSK2 or
AtPSK3 cDNAs, suggesting that both AtPSK2
and AtPSK3 encode PSK- precursors.
AtPSK2 and AtPSK3 were expressed
demonstrably not only in cultured cells but also in intact plants,
suggesting that PSK- may be essential for plant cell proliferation
in vivo as well as in vitro. Overexpression of either precursor gene
allowed the transgenic calli to grow twice as large as the controls.
However, the transgenic cells expressing either antisense cDNA did not dramatically decrease mitogenic activity, suggesting that these two
genes may act redundantly.
1
This research was supported in part by the Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid no.
JSPS-RFTF00L01601 from the Research for the Future Program).
2
Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University
of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail yanghe{at}missouri.edu; fax
573-884-4812.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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