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Plant Physiol, November 2001, Vol. 127, pp. 863-875
Effects of Natural Intensities of Visible and Ultraviolet
Radiation on Epidermal Ultraviolet Screening and Photosynthesis in
Grape Leaves1
Christiane A.
Kolb,
Martin A.
Käser,
Jiri
Kopecký,
Gerhard
Zotz,
Markus
Riederer, and
Erhard E.
Pfündel*
Lehrstuhl für Botanik II, Universität Würzburg,
Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (C.A.K.,
M.A.K., G.Z., M.R., and E.E.P.); and Institute of Microbiology, Academy
of Sciences, Department of Autotrophic Microorganisms, Opatovicky mlyn,
379 81 Trebon, Czech Republic (J.K.)
Grape (Vitis vinifera cv Silvaner)
vine plants were cultivated under shaded conditions in the absence of
ultraviolet (UV) radiation in a greenhouse, and subsequently placed
outdoors under three different light regimes for 7 d. Different
light regimes were produced by filters transmitting natural radiation,
or screening out the UV-B (280-315 nm), or screening out the UV-A
(315-400 nm) and the UV-B spectral range. During exposure, synthesis
of UV-screening phenolics in leaves was quantified using HPLC: All treatments increased concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acids but the
rise was highest, reaching 230% of the initial value, when UV
radiation was absent. In contrast, UV-B radiation specifically increased flavonoid concentrations resulting in more than a 10-fold increase. Transmittance in the UV of all extracted phenolics was lower
than epidermal UV transmittance determined fluorimetrically, and the
two parameters were curvilinearly related. It is suggested that
curvilinearity results from different absorption properties of the
homogeneously dissolved phenolics in extracts and of the non-homogeneous distribution of phenolics in the epidermis.
UV-B-dependent inhibition of maximum photochemical yield of photosystem
II (PSII), measured as variable fluorescence of dark-adapted leaves,
recovered in parallel to the buildup of epidermal screening for UV-B
radiation, suggesting that PSII is protected against UV-B damage by
epidermal screening. However, UV-B inhibition of CO2
assimilation rates was not diminished by efficient UV-B screening. We
propose that protection of UV-B inactivation of PSII is observed
because preceding damage is efficiently repaired while those factors
determining UV-B inhibition of CO2 assimilation recover
more slowly.
1
This work was supported by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. SFB 251) and by the state of Bavaria
(BayFORKLIM and BayFORUV). J.K. received a fellowship from the
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Graduiertenkolleg: Pflanzen unter
Stress) to support his visit to Würzburg.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail
pfuendel{at}botanik.uni-wuerzburg.de; fax 49-931-888-6235.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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