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Plant Physiol, December 2001, Vol. 127, pp. 1539-1555

Brachypodium distachyon. A New Model System for Functional Genomics in Grasses1

John Draper,2* Luis A.J. Mur,2 Glyn Jenkins, Gadab C. Ghosh-Biswas,3 Pauline Bablak, Robert Hasterok,4 and Andrew P.M. Routledge

Institute of Biological Sciences, Edward Llwyd Building, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, United Kingdom

A new model for grass functional genomics is described based on Brachypodium distachyon, which in the evolution of the Pooideae diverged just prior to the clade of "core pooid" genera that contain the majority of important temperate cereals and forage grasses. Diploid ecotypes of B. distachyon (2n = 10) have five easily distinguishable chromosomes that display high levels of chiasma formation at meiosis. The B. distachyon nuclear genome was indistinguishable in size from that of Arabidopsis, making it the simplest genome described in grasses to date. B. distachyon is a self-fertile, inbreeding annual with a life cycle of less than 4 months. These features, coupled with its small size (approximately 20 cm at maturity), lack of seed-head shatter, and undemanding growth requirements should make it amenable to high-throughput genetics and mutant screens. Immature embryos exhibited a high capacity for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis. Regenerated plants display very low levels of albinism and have normal fertility. A simple transformation system has been developed based on microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic callus and hygromycin selection. Selected B. distachyon ecotypes were resistant to all tested cereal-adapted Blumeria graminis species and cereal brown rusts (Puccinia reconditia). In contrast, different ecotypes displayed resistance or disease symptoms following challenge with the rice blast pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea) and wheat/barley yellow stripe rusts (Puccinia striformis). Despite its small stature, B. distachyon has large seeds that should prove useful for studies on grain filling. Such biological characteristics represent important traits for study in temperate cereals.

1 This work was supported in part by the Gatsby Foundation (grant to J.D.) and by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (PhD studentship to A.P.M.R.).

2 These authors contributed equally to this manuscript.

3 Present address: Department of Forest Science, HFS Building, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2135.

4 Present address: Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Silesian University, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.

* Corresponding author; e-mail jhd{at}aber.ac.uk; fax 44-1970-621981.

© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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