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Plant Physiol, December 2001, Vol. 127, pp. 1781-1787
Isoprene Produced by Leaves Protects the Photosynthetic Apparatus
against Ozone Damage, Quenches Ozone Products, and Reduces Lipid
Peroxidation of Cellular Membranes1
Francesco
Loreto* and
Violeta
Velikova
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biochimica
ed Ecofisiologia Vegetali, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00016 Monterotondo
Scalo, Rome, Italy (F.L.); and Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, Academic Georgy Bonchev Street, Bl.21, BG
1113 Sofia, Bulgaria (V.V.)
Many plants invest carbon to form isoprene. The role of isoprene in
plants is unclear, but many experiments showed that isoprene may have a
role in protecting plants from thermal damage. A more general
antioxidant action has been recently hypothesized on the basis of the
protection offered by exogenous isoprene in nonemitting plants exposed
to acute ozone doses. We inhibited the synthesis of endogenous isoprene
by feeding fosmidomycin and observed that Phragmites
australis leaves became more sensitive to ozone than those
leaves forming isoprene. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and
fluorescence parameters were significantly affected by ozone only in
leaves on which isoprene was not formed. The protective effect of
isoprene was more evident when the leaves were exposed for a long time
(8 h) to relatively low (100 nL L 1) ozone levels
than when the exposure was short and acute (3 h at 300 nL
L1). Isoprene quenched the amount of
H2O2 formed in leaves and reduced lipid
peroxidation of cellular membranes caused by ozone. These results
indicate that isoprene may exert its protective action at the membrane
level, although a similar effect could be obtained if isoprene reacted
with ozone before forming active oxygen species. Irrespective of the
mechanism, our results suggest that endogenous isoprene has an
important antioxidant role in plants.
1
This work was supported by the European
Union-Confirming the International Role of Community Research Program
(project no. IC5-CT98-0102) and by the Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche-North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Outreach fellowship to
V.V.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail franci{at}mlib.cnr.it; fax
39-06-9064492.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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