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Plant Physiol, January 2002, Vol. 128, pp. 194-200

Phytochrome E Controls Light-Induced Germination of Arabidopsis1

Lars Hennig,2 Wendy M. Stoddart, Monika Dieterle, Garry C. Whitelam, and Eberhard Schäfer*

Institut für Biologie II, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (L.H., M.D., E.S.); and Department of Biology, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom (G.C.W., W.M.S.)

Germination of Arabidopsis seeds is light dependent and under phytochrome control. Previously, phytochromes A and B and at least one additional, unspecified phytochrome were shown to be involved in this process. Here, we used a set of photoreceptor mutants to test whether phytochrome D and/or phytochrome E can control germination of Arabidopsis. The results show that only phytochromes B and E, but not phytochrome D, participate directly in red/far-red light (FR)-reversible germination. Unlike phytochromes B and D, phytochrome E did not inhibit phytochrome A-mediated germination. Surprisingly, phytochrome E was required for germination of Arabidopsis seeds in continuous FR. However, inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by FR, induction of cotyledon unfolding, and induction of agravitropic growth were not affected by loss of phytochrome E. Therefore, phytochrome E is not required per se for phytochrome A-mediated very low fluence responses and the high irradiance response. Immunoblotting revealed that the need of phytochrome E for germination in FR was not caused by altered phytochrome A levels. These results uncover a novel role of phytochrome E in plant development and demonstrate the considerable functional diversification of the closely related phytochromes B, D, and E.

1 This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. SFB592 to E.S.).

2 Present address: Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

* Corresponding author; e-mail schaegen{at}ruf.uni-freiburg.de; fax 49-761-203-2629.

© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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