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Plant Physiol, February 2002, Vol. 128, pp. 682-695
Protection against Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage in
Arabidopsis Involves Calcium, Abscisic Acid, Ethylene, and Salicylic
Acid
Jane
Larkindale* and
Marc R.
Knight
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
Plants, in common with all organisms, have evolved
mechanisms to cope with the problems caused by high temperatures. We
examined specifically the involvement of calcium, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and salicylic acid (SA) in the protection against
heat-induced oxidative damage in Arabidopsis. Heat caused increased
thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels (an indicator of
oxidative damage to membranes) and reduced survival. Both effects
required light and were reduced in plants that had acquired
thermotolerance through a mild heat pretreatment. Calcium channel
blockers and calmodulin inhibitors increased these effects of heating
and added calcium reversed them, implying that protection against
heat-induced oxidative damage in Arabidopsis requires calcium and
calmodulin. Similar to calcium, SA, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic
acid (a precursor to ethylene), and ABA added to plants protected them
from heat-induced oxidative damage. In addition, the
ethylene-insensitive mutant etr-1, the ABA-insensitive
mutant abi-1, and a transgenic line expressing
nahG (consequently inhibited in SA production) showed increased susceptibility to heat. These data suggest that protection against heat-induced oxidative damage in Arabidopsis also involves ethylene, ABA, and SA. Real time measurements of cytosolic calcium levels during heating in Arabidopsis detected no increases in response
to heat per se, but showed transient elevations in response to recovery
from heating. The magnitude of these calcium peaks was greater in
thermotolerant plants, implying that these calcium signals might play a
role in mediating the effects of acquired thermotolerance. Calcium
channel blockers and calmodulin inhibitors added solely during the
recovery phase suggest that this role for calcium is in protecting
against oxidative damage specifically during/after recovery.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail jane.larkindale{at}plants.ox.ac.uk; fax
44-1865-275074.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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