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Plant Physiol, March 2002, Vol. 128, pp. 997-1007
Arabidopsis Contains Ancient Classes of Differentially Expressed
Actin-Related Protein Genes1
Elizabeth Cohen
McKinney,
Muthugapatti K.
Kandasamy, and
Richard B.
Meagher*
Genetics Department, Life Sciences Building, University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia 30602-7223
Actin-related proteins (ARPs) share less than 60% amino acid
sequence homology with conventional actins and have roles in diverse
cytoskeletal processes in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The genome of
Arabidopsis was explored for possible ARP gene family members. Eight potential ARP gene sequences were found
dispersed on three of the five Arabidopsis chromosomes. AtARP2 and
AtARP3 are protein orthologs of their similarly named counterparts in other kingdoms. AtARP4, AtARP5, and AtARP6 are orthologs of two classes
of nuclear ARPs previously characterized in animals and fungi, BAF53s
and ARP6s. AtARP7 and AtARP8 appear to be novel proteins that are not
closely related to any known animal or fungal ARPs, and may be plant
specific. The complex Arabidopsis ARP gene structures each contain from
five to 20 exons. Expressed transcripts were identified and
characterized for AtARP2 through AtARP8,
but not for AtARP9, and transcripts representing two
splice variants were found for AtARP8. The seven
expressed genes are predicted to encode proteins ranging from 146 to
471 amino acids in length. Relative to conventional actin and the other
ARPs, AtARP2 and AtARP3 transcripts are
expressed at very low levels in all organs. AtARP5,
AtARP6, and AtARP8 each have distinct
transcript expression patterns in seedlings, roots, leaves, flowers,
and siliques. Using isovariant-specific monoclonal antibodies, AtARP4
and AtARP7 proteins were shown to be most highly expressed in flowers.
The likely involvement of plant ARPs in actin nucleation, branching of
actin filaments, chromatin restructuring, and transcription are briefly discussed.
1
This work was funded by the National Institutes
of Health (grant no. GM36397-15).
*
Corresponding author; meagher{at}arches.uga.edu; fax
706-542-1387.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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