First published online April 19, 2002; 10.1104/pp.000588
Plant Physiol, May 2002, Vol. 129, pp. 112-121
A Large Population of Small Chloroplasts in Tobacco Leaf Cells
Allows More Effective Chloroplast Movement Than a Few Enlarged
Chloroplasts1
Won Joong
Jeong,
Youn-Il
Park,
KyeHong
Suh,
John A.
Raven,
Ook Joon
Yoo, and
Jang Ryol
Liu*
Plant Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of
Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon 305-333, Korea (W.J.J.,
J.R.L.); Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science & Technology, Taejon 305-701, Korea (W.J.J., O.J.Y.);
Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Taejon 305-764,
Korea (Y.-I.P.); Department of Biology, Taegu University, Taegu
713-714, Korea (K.S.); and Division of Environmental and Applied
Biology, School of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN,
United Kingdom (J.A.R.)
We generated transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum
cv Xanthi) plants that contained only one to three enlarged
chloroplasts per leaf mesophyll cell by introducing
NtFtsZ1-2, a cDNA for plastid division. These plants
were used to investigate the advantages of having a large population of
small chloroplasts rather than a few enlarged chloroplasts in a leaf
mesophyll cell. Despite the similarities in photosynthetic components
and ultrastructure of photosynthetic machinery between wild-type and
transgenic plants, the overall growth of transgenic plants under low-
and high-light conditions was retarded. In wild-type plants, the
chloroplasts moved toward the face position under low light and toward
the profile position under high-light conditions. However, chloroplast rearrangement in transgenic plants in response to light conditions was
not evident. In addition, transgenic plant leaves showed greatly diminished changes in leaf transmittance values under both light conditions, indicating that chloroplast rearrangement was severely retarded. Therefore, under low-light conditions the incomplete face
position of the enlarged chloroplasts results in decreased absorbance
of light energy. This, in turn, reduces plant growth. Under high-light
conditions, the amount of absorbed light exceeds the photosynthetic
utilization capacity due to the incomplete profile position of the
enlarged chloroplasts, resulting in photodamage to the photosynthetic
machinery, and decreased growth. The presence of a large number of
small and/or rapidly moving chloroplasts in the cells of higher land
plants permits more effective chloroplast phototaxis and, hence, allows
more efficient utilization of low-incident photon flux densities. The
photosynthetic apparatus is, consequently, protected from damage under
high-incident photon flux densities.
1
This work was supported by the Ministry of
Science and Technology in Korea (grant no. FGM0040012 to J.R.L.); in
part by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (grant through the
Plant Metabolism Research Center to J.R.L.); in part by the Crop
Functional Genomics Center of the 21st Century Frontier Research
Program funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea (grant no. CGM0400111 to J.R.L.); in part by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation through the Agricultural Plant Stress Research Center at Chonnam National University (to Y.I.P.); and in part
by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (grant no.
971-0511-059-2 to K.H.S.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail jrliu{at}mail.kribb.re.kr; fax
82-42-860-4608.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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