First published online May 2, 2002; 10.1104/pp.002816
Plant Physiol, June 2002, Vol. 129, pp. 823-837
Proteomics of Arabidopsis Seed Germination. A Comparative
Study of Wild-Type and Gibberellin-Deficient
Seeds1
Karine
Gallardo,
Claudette
Job,
Steven P.C.
Groot,
Magda
Puype,
Hans
Demol,
Joël
Vandekerckhove, and
Dominique
Job*
Laboratoire Mixte Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Aventis,
Aventis CropScience, B.P. 9163 F69263 Lyon cedex 09, France (K.G.,
C.J., D.J.); Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, NC-6700AA
Wageningen, The Netherlands (S.P.C.G.); and Flanders Interuniversity
Institute for Biotechnology and Department of Biochemistry, Gent
University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium (M.P., H.D., J.V.)
We examined the role of gibberellins (GAs) in germination of
Arabidopsis seeds by a proteomic approach. For that purpose, we
used two systems. The first system consisted of seeds of the GA-deficient ga1 mutant, and the second corresponded to
wild-type seeds incubated in paclobutrazol, a specific GA biosynthesis
inhibitor. With both systems, radicle protrusion was strictly dependent
on exogenous GAs. The proteomic analysis indicated that GAs do not participate in many processes involved in germination sensu stricto (prior to radicle protrusion), as, for example, the initial
mobilization of seed protein and lipid reserves. Out of 46 protein
changes detected during germination sensu stricto (1 d of incubation on water), only one, corresponding to the cytoskeleton component  -2,4
tubulin, appeared to depend on the action of GAs. An increase in this
protein spot was noted for the wild-type seeds but not for the
ga1 seeds incubated for 1 d on water. In contrast,
GAs appeared to be involved, directly or indirectly, in controlling the
abundance of several proteins associated with radicle protrusion. This
is the case for two isoforms of S-adenosyl-methionine
(Ado-Met) synthetase, which catalyzes the formation of Ado-Met from Met and ATP. Owing to the housekeeping functions of Ado-Met, this event is
presumably required for germination and seedling establishment, and
might represent a major metabolic control of seedling establishment. GAs can also play a role in controlling the abundance of a
 -glucosidase, which might be involved in the embryo cell wall
loosening needed for cell elongation and radicle extension.
1
This work was supported by the European
Community (Fisheries, Agriculture, and Agro-Industrial project grant
no. CT97-3711, "Genetic and molecular markers for seed quality"),
by the Région Rhône-Alpes (Program "Biotechnologies: La
Semence"), and by the Fund for Scientific Research of Flanders.
Protein identification and matrix-assisted laser
desorption-ionization-mass spectrometry was supported by the Fund for
Scientific Research-Flanders and by the Concerted Research Action
Program of the Flemish Community.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail dominique.job{at}aventis.com; fax
33-4-72-85-22-97.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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