First published online June 14, 2002; 10.1104/pp.003558
Plant Physiol, July 2002, Vol. 129, pp. 1019-1031
Novel Insight into Vascular, Stress, and Auxin-Dependent and
-Independent Gene Expression Programs in Strawberry, a Non-Climacteric
Fruit
Asaph
Aharoni,*
Leopold C.P.
Keizer,
Hetty C.
Van Den
Broeck,
Rosario
Blanco-Portales,
Juan
Muñoz-Blanco,
Gregory
Bois,
Patrick
Smit,
Ric C.H.
De Vos, and
Ann P.
O'Connell
Business Unit Cell Cybernetics (A.A., H.C.V.D.B., G.B., P.S.,
R.C.H.D.V., A.P.O.) and Business Unit Biometry (L.C.P.K.), Plant
Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The
Netherlands; and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología
Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
(R.B.-P., J.M.-B.)
Using cDNA microarrays, a comprehensive investigation of
gene expression was carried out in strawberry
(Fragaria × ananassa) fruit to
understand the flow of events associated with its maturation and
non-climacteric ripening. We detected key processes and novel genes not
previously associated with fruit development and ripening, related to
vascular development, oxidative stress, and auxin response. Microarray
analysis during fruit development and in receptacle and seed (achene)
tissues established an interesting parallelism in gene expression
between the transdifferentiation of tracheary elements in Zinnia
elegans and strawberry. One of the genes, CAD, common to both systems and encoding the lignin-related protein cinnamyl
alcohol dehydrogenase, was immunolocalized to immature xylem cells of
the vascular bundles in the strawberry receptacle. To examine the
importance of oxidative stress in ripening, gene expression was
compared between fruit treated on-vine with a free radical generator
and non-treated fruit. Of 46 genes induced, 20 were also ripening
regulated. This might suggest that active gene expression is induced to
cope with oxidative stress conditions during ripening or that the
strawberry ripening transcriptional program is an oxidative
stress-induced process. To gain insight into the hormonal control of
non-climacteric fruit ripening, an additional microarray experiment was
conducted comparing gene expression in fruit treated exogenously with
auxin and control fruit. Novel auxin-dependent genes and processes were
identified in addition to transcriptional programs acting independent
of auxin mainly related to cell wall metabolism and stress response.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail a.aharoni{at}plant.wag-ur.nl; fax
31-317-418094.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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