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Plant Physiol, July 2002, Vol. 129, pp. 1222-1231
Dhurrin Synthesis in Sorghum Is Regulated at the Transcriptional
Level and Induced by Nitrogen Fertilization in Older
Plants1
Peter Kamp
Busk2 and
Birger Lindberg
Møller*
Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, and
Center for Molecular Plant Physiology, Royal Veterinary and
Agricultural University, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C,
Copenhagen, Denmark
The content of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum
(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) varies depending on plant
age and growth conditions. The cyanide potential is highest shortly
after onset of germination. At this stage, nitrogen application has no
effect on dhurrin content, whereas in older plants, nitrogen
application induces an increase. At all stages, the content of dhurrin
correlates well with the activity of the two biosynthetic enzymes,
CYP79A1 and CYP71E1, and with the protein and mRNA level for the two
enzymes. During development, the activity of CYP79A1 is lower than the activity of CYP71E1, suggesting that CYP79A1 catalyzes the
rate-limiting step in dhurrin synthesis as has previously been shown
using etiolated seedlings. The site of dhurrin synthesis shifts from
leaves to stem during plant development. In combination, the results
demonstrate that dhurrin content in sorghum is largely determined by
transcriptional regulation of the biosynthetic enzymes CYP79A1 and CYP71E1.
1
This work was supported by the Danish National
Research Foundation, by the Danish Agricultural and Veterinary Research
Council, and by Danish International Development Assistance.
2
Present address: Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology,
9312 Copenhagen University Hospital, Juliane Mariesvej 20, DK-2100
Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail blm{at}kvl.dk; fax
45-35-28-33-33.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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