First published online June 28, 2002; 10.1104/pp.001453
Plant Physiol, July 2002, Vol. 129, pp. 1341-1351
The Role of Ethylene and Wound Signaling in Resistance of Tomato
to Botrytis cinerea1
José
Díaz,23
Arjen
ten
Have,2 and
Jan A.L.
van Kan*
Wageningen University Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Phytopathology,
Binnenhaven 5, P.O. Box 8025, 6700 EE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Ethylene, jasmonate, and salicylate play important roles in
plant defense responses to pathogens. To investigate the contributions of these compounds in resistance of tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum) to the fungal pathogen Botrytis
cinerea, three types of experiments were conducted: (a)
quantitative disease assays with plants pretreated with ethylene,
inhibitors of ethylene perception, or salicylate; (b) quantitative
disease assays with mutants or transgenes affected in the production of
or the response to either ethylene or jasmonate; and (c) expression
analysis of defense-related genes before and after inoculation of
plants with B. cinerea. Plants pretreated with ethylene
showed a decreased susceptibility toward B. cinerea, whereas pretreatment with 1-methylcyclopropene, an inhibitor of ethylene perception, resulted in increased susceptibility. Ethylene pretreatment induced expression of several pathogenesis-related protein
genes before B. cinerea infection. Proteinase inhibitor I expression was repressed by ethylene and induced by
1-methylcyclopropene. Ethylene also induced resistance in the mutant
Never ripe. RNA analysis showed that Never
ripe retained some ethylene sensitivity. The mutant
Epinastic, constitutively activated in a subset of ethylene responses, and a transgenic line producing negligible ethylene
were also tested. The results confirmed that ethylene responses are
important for resistance of tomato to B. cinerea. The
mutant Defenseless, impaired in jasmonate biosynthesis,
showed increased susceptibility to B. cinerea. A
transgenic line with reduced prosystemin expression showed similar
susceptibility as Defenseless, whereas a
prosystemin-overexpressing transgene was highly resistant. Ethylene and
wound signaling acted independently on resistance. Salicylate and
ethylene acted synergistically on defense gene expression, but
antagonistically on resistance.
1
This work was supported in part by the
Technology Foundation STW (The Netherlands), the applied science
division of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
and the technology program of the Ministry of Economic Affairs; and by
the Area Sociocultural Caixavigo and Secretaría Xeral de
Investigación e Desenvolvemento, Xunta de Galicia, Spain
(fellowships to J.D.).
2
These authors contributed equally to the paper.
3
Present address: Departamento de Bioloxía
Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía. Universidade da
Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n E-15071, A Coruña, Spain.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail jan.vankan{at}fyto.dpw.wau.nl; fax
31-317-483412.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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