First published online July 18, 2002; 10.1104/pp.003814
Plant Physiol, August 2002, Vol. 129, pp. 1633-1641
Independent Activation of Cold Acclimation by Low Temperature and
Short Photoperiod in Hybrid Aspen1
Annikki
Welling,*
Thomas
Moritz,
E. Tapio
Palva, and
Olavi
Junttila
Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics, and Institute of
Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014
University of Helsinki, Finland (A.W., E.T.P.); Department of Forest
Genetics and Plant Physiology, The Swedish University of Agricultural
Sciences, S-90183 Umeå, Sweden (T.M.); Department of Plant Physiology
and Microbiology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
(O.J.); and Department of Applied Biology, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014
University of Helsinki, Finland (O.J.)
Temperate zone woody plants cold acclimate in response to
both short daylength (SD) and low temperature (LT). We were able to
show that these two environmental cues induce cold acclimation independently by comparing the wild type (WT) and the transgenic hybrid
aspen (Populus tremula × Populus
tremuloides Michx.) line 22 overexpressing the oat
(Avena sativa) PHYTOCHROME A gene. Line 22 was not able to detect the SD and, consequently, did not stop growing in SD conditions. This resulted in an impaired freezing tolerance development under SD. In contrast, exposure to LT resulted in
cold acclimation of line 22 to a degree comparable with the WT. In
contrast to the WT, line 22 could not dehydrate the overwintering tissues or induce the production of dehydrins (DHN) under SD
conditions. Furthermore, abscisic acid (ABA) content of the buds of
line 22 were the same under SD and long daylength, whereas prolonged SD exposure decreased the ABA level in the WT. LT exposure resulted in a
rapid accumulation of DHN in both the WT and line 22. Similarly, ABA
content increased transiently in both the WT and line 22. Our results
indicate that phytochrome A is involved in photoperiodic regulation of
ABA and DHN levels, but at LT they are regulated by a different
mechanism. Although SD and LT induce cold acclimation independently,
ABA and DHN may play important roles in both modes of acclimation.
1
This work was supported by the Academy of
Finland (project nos. 44252, 44262, 44883, and 49952; Finnish Center of
Excellence Program 2000-2005), by the Biocentrum Helsinki, by the
National Technology Agency, by the Helsinki University Foundation, and by The Emil Aaltonen Foundation.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail welling{at}operoni.helsinki.fi; fax
358-9-19159079.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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