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Plant Physiol, August 2002, Vol. 129, pp. 1642-1650
Nitric Oxide Acts as an Antioxidant and Delays Programmed Cell
Death in Barley Aleurone Layers1
Maria Veronica
Beligni,
Angelika
Fath,
Paul C.
Bethke,*
Lorenzo
Lamattina, and
Russell L.
Jones
Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias
Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600, Mar
del Plata, Argentina (M.V.B., L.L.); and Department of Plant and
Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
94720-3102 (A.F., P.C.B., R.L.J.)
Nitric oxide (NO) is a freely diffusible, gaseous free
radical and an important signaling molecule in animals. In
plants, NO influences aspects of growth and development, and can affect plant responses to stress. In some cases, the effects of NO are the
result of its interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS). These
interactions can be cytotoxic or protective. Because gibberellin (GA)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in barley (Hordeum
vulgare cv Himalaya) aleurone layers is mediated by ROS, we
examined the effects of NO donors on PCD and ROS-metabolizing enzymes
in this system. NO donors delay PCD in layers treated with GA, but do not inhibit metabolism in general, or the GA-induced synthesis and
secretion of  -amylase. -Amylase secretion is stimulated slightly
by NO donors. The effects of NO donors are specific for NO, because
they can be blocked completely by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. The
antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene also slowed PCD, and these data
support our hypothesis that NO is a protective antioxidant in aleurone
cells. The amounts of CAT and SOD, two enzymes that metabolize ROS, are
greatly reduced in aleurone layers treated with GA. Treatment with GA
in the presence of NO donors delays the loss of CAT and SOD. We
speculate that NO may be an endogenous modulator of PCD in barley
aleurone cells.
1
This work was supported by the National Science
Foundation, by the Torrey Mesa Research Institute, San Diego, by
the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
(fellowship to M.V.B.), and by Fundación Antorchas (Argentina;
fellowship to M.V.B.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail pcbethke{at}nature.berkeley.edu; fax
510-642-4995.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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