First published online June 28, 2002; 10.1104/pp.002170
Plant Physiol, August 2002, Vol. 129, pp. 1773-1780
Sensitivity of Photosynthesis in a C4 Plant, Maize, to Heat
Stress
Steven J.
Crafts-Brandner* and
Michael E.
Salvucci
Western Cotton Research Laboratory, United States Department of
Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Phoenix, Arizona
85040-8803
Our objective was to determine the sensitivity of components of the
photosynthetic apparatus of maize (Zea mays), a C4
plant, to high temperature stress. Net photosynthesis (Pn) was
inhibited at leaf temperatures above 38°C, and the inhibition was
much more severe when the temperature was increased rapidly rather than gradually. Transpiration rate increased progressively with leaf temperature, indicating that inhibition was not associated with stomatal closure. Nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching (qN) increased at leaf temperatures above 30°C, indicating increased thylakoid energization even at temperatures that did not inhibit Pn.
Compared with CO2 assimilation, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II
(Fv/Fm) was
relatively insensitive to leaf temperatures up to 45°C. The
activation state of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase decreased marginally at leaf temperatures above 40°C, and the activity of pyruvate phosphate dikinase was insensitive to temperature up to 45°C. The activation state of Rubisco decreased at temperatures exceeding 32.5°C, with nearly complete inactivation at 45°C. Levels of 3-phosphoglyceric acid and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate decreased and
increased, respectively, as leaf temperature increased, consistent with
the decrease in Rubisco activation. When leaf temperature was increased
gradually, Rubisco activation acclimated in a similar manner as Pn, and
acclimation was associated with the expression of a new activase
polypeptide. Rates of Pn calculated solely from the kinetics of Rubisco
were remarkably similar to measured rates if the calculation included
adjustment for temperature effects on Rubisco activation. We conclude
that inactivation of Rubisco was the primary constraint on the rate of
Pn of maize leaves as leaf temperature increased above 30°C.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail
scraftsbrandner{at}wcrl.ars.usda.gov; fax 602-437-1274.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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