First published online July 18, 2002; 10.1104/pp.002691
Plant Physiol, August 2002, Vol. 129, pp. 1829-1842
Induction of Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase in Response to a
Cell Signal Pathway Down-Regulating the Cytochrome Pathway Prevents
Programmed Cell Death1
Greg C.
Vanlerberghe,*
Christine A.
Robson, and
Justine Y.H.
Yip
Division of Life Sciences and Department of Botany, University of
Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario,
Canada M1C 1A4
Treatment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Petit
Havana SR1) cells with cysteine (Cys) triggers a signal pathway
culminating in a large loss of mitochondrial cytochrome (cyt) pathway
capacity. This down-regulation of the cyt path likely requires events
outside the mitochondrion and is effectively blocked by cantharidin or endothall, indicating that protein dephosphorylation is one critical process involved. Generation of reactive oxygen species, cytosolic protein synthesis, and Ca2+ flux from organelles also
appear to be involved. Accompanying the loss of cyt path is a large
induction of alternative oxidase (AOX) protein and capacity. Induction
of AOX allows the cells to maintain high rates of respiration,
indicating that the lesion triggered by Cys is in the cyt path
downstream of ubiquinone. Consistent with this, transgenic (AS8) cells
unable to induce AOX (due to the presence of an antisense transgene)
lose all respiratory capacity upon Cys treatment. This initiates in AS8
a programmed cell death pathway, as evidenced by the accumulation of
oligonucleosomal fragments of DNA as the culture dies. Alternatively,
wild-type cells remain viable and eventually recover their cyt path.
Induction of AOX in response to a chemical inhibition of the cyt path
(by antimycin A) is also dependent upon protein dephosphorylation and
the generation of reactive oxygen species. Common events required for
both down-regulation of the cyt path and induction of AOX may represent
a mechanism to coordinate the biogenesis of these two electron
transport paths. Such coordinate regulation may be necessary, not only
to satisfy metabolic demands, but also to modulate the initiation of a
programmed cell death pathway responsive to mitochondrial respiratory status.
1
This work was supported by the Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant to G.C.V.) and by a
Premiers Research Excellence Award of Ontario (to G.C.V.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail gregv{at}utsc.utoronto.ca; fax
416-287-7642.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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