First published online August 29, 2002; 10.1104/pp.006411
Plant Physiol, September 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 155-163
elongated mesocotyl1, a Phytochrome-Deficient
Mutant of Maize1
Ruairidh J.H.
Sawers,
Philip J.
Linley,
Phyllis R.
Farmer,
Nicole
P.
Hanley,
Denise E.
Costich,
Matthew J.
Terry, and
Thomas P.
Brutnell*
Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca,
New York 14853 (R.J.H.S., P.R.F., N.P.H., D.E.C., T.P.B.); and School
of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent
East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom (P.J.L., M.J.T.)
To begin the functional dissection of light signal transduction
pathways of maize (Zea mays), we have identified
and characterized the light-sensing mutant elm1
(elongated mesocotyl1). Seedlings homozygous for
elm1 are pale green, show pronounced elongation of the
mesocotyl, and fail to de-etiolate under red or far-red light.
Etiolated elm1 mutants contain no spectrally active
phytochrome and do not deplete levels of phytochrome A after
red-light treatment. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses
show that elm1 mutants are unable to convert biliverdin
IX to 3Z-phytochromobilin, preventing synthesis of
the phytochrome chromophore. Despite the impairment of the phytochrome
photoreceptors, elm1 mutants can be grown to maturity in
the field. Mature plants retain aspects of the seedling phenotype and
flower earlier than wild-type plants under long days. Thus, the
elm1 mutant of maize provides the first direct evidence
for phytochrome-mediated modulation of flowering time in this
agronomically important species.
1
This work was supported by the National Science
Foundation (grant no. IBN-0110297 to T.P.B.), by the UK Biotechnology
and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant no. 51/P10948 to
M.J.T.), and by the Human Frontier Science Short-Term Fellowship
Program (grant no. SF0085/1999-M to T.P.B. and M.J.T.). M.J.T. is a
Royal Society University Research Fellow.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail tpb8{at}cornell.edu; fax
607-254-8656.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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