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First published online August 29, 2002; 10.1104/pp.006411

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Plant Physiol, September 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 155-163

elongated mesocotyl1, a Phytochrome-Deficient Mutant of Maize1

Ruairidh J.H. Sawers, Philip J. Linley, Phyllis R. Farmer, Nicole P. Hanley, Denise E. Costich, Matthew J. Terry, and Thomas P. Brutnell*

Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853 (R.J.H.S., P.R.F., N.P.H., D.E.C., T.P.B.); and School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom (P.J.L., M.J.T.)

To begin the functional dissection of light signal transduction pathways of maize (Zea mays), we have identified and characterized the light-sensing mutant elm1 (elongated mesocotyl1). Seedlings homozygous for elm1 are pale green, show pronounced elongation of the mesocotyl, and fail to de-etiolate under red or far-red light. Etiolated elm1 mutants contain no spectrally active phytochrome and do not deplete levels of phytochrome A after red-light treatment. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses show that elm1 mutants are unable to convert biliverdin IXalpha to 3Z-phytochromobilin, preventing synthesis of the phytochrome chromophore. Despite the impairment of the phytochrome photoreceptors, elm1 mutants can be grown to maturity in the field. Mature plants retain aspects of the seedling phenotype and flower earlier than wild-type plants under long days. Thus, the elm1 mutant of maize provides the first direct evidence for phytochrome-mediated modulation of flowering time in this agronomically important species.

1 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. IBN-0110297 to T.P.B.), by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant no. 51/P10948 to M.J.T.), and by the Human Frontier Science Short-Term Fellowship Program (grant no. SF0085/1999-M to T.P.B. and M.J.T.). M.J.T. is a Royal Society University Research Fellow.

* Corresponding author; e-mail tpb8{at}cornell.edu; fax 607-254-8656.

© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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