First published online August 29, 2002; 10.1104/pp.005389
Plant Physiol, September 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 442-456
Patterns of Expression and Normalized Levels of the Five
Arabidopsis Phytochromes1
Robert A.
Sharrock* and
Ted
Clack
Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, 119 ABS Building,
Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3140
Using monoclonal antibodies specific for each apoprotein and
full-length purified apoprotein standards, the levels of the five
Arabidopsis phytochromes and their patterns of expression in seedlings
and mature plants and under different light conditions have been
characterized. Phytochrome levels are normalized to the DNA content of
the various tissue extracts to approximate normalization to the number
of cells in the tissue. One phytochrome, phytochrome A, is highly light
labile. The other four phytochromes are much more light stable,
although among these, phytochromes B and C are reduced 4- to 5-fold in
red- or white-light-grown seedlings compared with dark-grown seedlings.
The total amount of extractable phytochrome is 23-fold lower in
light-grown than dark-grown tissues, and the percent ratios of the five
phytochromes, A:B:C:D:E, are measured as 85:10:2:1.5:1.5 in etiolated
seedlings and 5:40:15:15:25 in seedlings grown in continuous white
light. The four light-stable phytochromes are present at nearly
unchanging levels throughout the course of development of mature
rosette and reproductive-stage plants and are present in leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Phytochrome protein expression patterns over the
course of seed germination and under diurnal and circadian light cycles
are also characterized. Little cycling in response to photoperiod is
observed, and this very low amplitude cycling of some phytochrome
proteins is out of phase with previously reported cycling of
PHY mRNA levels. These studies indicate that, with the
exception of phytochrome A, the family of phytochrome photoreceptors in
Arabidopsis constitutes a quite stable and very broadly distributed array of sensory molecules.
1
This work was supported by the National Science
Foundation (grant no. IBN-9808801 to R.A.S.). This is journal article
no. 2002-25 from the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Montana State University (Bozeman).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail sharrock{at}montana.edu; fax
406-994-7600.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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