First published online August 8, 2002; 10.1104/pp.003525
Plant Physiol, September 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 58-67
Differential Expression of a Metallothionein Gene during the
Presymbiotic versus the Symbiotic Phase of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Fungus1
Luisa
Lanfranco,
Angelo
Bolchi,
Emanuele Cesale
Ros,
Simone
Ottonello, and
Paola
Bonfante*
Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Torino and
Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante-Sezione di Torino, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy (L.L.,
E.C.R., P.B.); and Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare,
Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43100 Parma, Italy (A.B., S.O.)
A full-length cDNA encoding a metallothionein (MT)-like
polypeptide, designated GmarMT1, was identified in an
expressed sequence tag collection from germinated spores of the
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita
(BEG34). The GmarMT1 gene is composed of two exons
separated by an 81-bp intron. It codes for a 65-amino acid polypeptide
comprising a plant type 1 MT-like N-terminal domain and a C-terminal
domain that is most closely related to an as-yet-uncharacterized fungal
MT. As revealed by heterologous complementation assays in yeast,
GmarMT1 encodes a functional polypeptide capable of
conferring increased tolerance against Cd and Cu. The
GmarMT1 RNA is expressed in both presymbiotic spores and
symbiotic mycelia, even in the absence of metal exposure, but is
significantly less abundant in the latter stage. An opposite pattern
was observed upon Cu exposure, which up-regulated
GmarMT1 expression in symbiotic mycelia but not in
germinated spores. Together, these data provide the first evidence, to
our knowledge, for the occurrence in an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus
of a structurally novel MT that is modulated in a metal and life cycle
stage-dependent manner and may afford protection against heavy metals
(and other types of stress) to both partners of the endomycorrhizal symbiosis.
1
This work was supported by the European Union
GENOMYCA project (grant no. QLK5-CT-2000-01319) and by the Italian
Project Biotechnology (subproject 2: Environmental Biotechnology),
National Research Council of Italy.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail p.bonfante{at}csmt.to.cnr.it; fax
39-011-6707459.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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