First published online September 6, 2002; 10.1104/pp.005223
Plant Physiol, October 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 605-617
Down-Regulation of TM29, a Tomato
SEPALLATA Homolog, Causes Parthenocarpic Fruit Development
and Floral Reversion1
Charles
Ampomah-Dwamena,
Bret A.
Morris,2
Paul
Sutherland,
Bruce
Veit,3 and
Jia-Long
Yao4*
HortResearch, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand (C.A.-D.,
B.A.M., P.S., J-L.Y.); and Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey
University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (B.V.)
We have characterized the tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill.) MADS box gene TM29 that shared
a high amino acid sequence homology to the Arabidopsis
SEP1, 2, and 3
(SEPALLATA1, 2, and 3)
genes. TM29 showed similar expression profiles to
SEP1, with accumulation of mRNA in the primordia of all
four whorls of floral organs. In addition, TM29 mRNA was
detected in inflorescence and vegetative meristems. To understand
TM29 function, we produced transgenic tomato plants in
which TM29 expression was down-regulated by either
cosuppression or antisense techniques. These transgenic plants produced
aberrant flowers with morphogenetic alterations in the organs of the
inner three whorls. Petals and stamens were green rather than yellow,
suggesting a partial conversion to a sepalloid identity. Stamens and
ovaries were infertile, with the later developing into parthenocarpic
fruit. Ectopic shoots with partially developed leaves and secondary
flowers emerged from the fruit. These shoots resembled the primary
transgenic flowers and continued to produce parthenocarpic fruit and
additional ectopic shoots. Based on the temporal and spatial expression
pattern and transgenic phenotypes, we propose that TM29
functions in floral organ development, fruit development, and
maintenance of floral meristem identity in tomato.
1
This work was supported by the New Zealand
Foundation for Research, Science, and Technology (contract no. CO6411).
2
Present address: Investment New Zealand, P.O. Box 8680, Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
3
Present address: AgResearch, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
4
Present address: Genesis Research and Development
Corporation Limited, P.O. Box 50, Auckland, New Zealand.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail j.yao{at}genesis.co.nz; fax
64-9-3735601.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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