First published online September 20, 2002; 10.1104/pp.005629
Plant Physiol, October 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 698-708
Changes in the Antioxidant Systems as Part of the Signaling
Pathway Responsible for the Programmed Cell Death Activated by Nitric
Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Tobacco Bright-Yellow 2 Cells1
Maria Concetta
de Pinto,
Franca
Tommasi, and
Laura
De Gara*
Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Vegetale, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy (M.C.d.P., F.T., L.D.G.); and Interdisciplinary
Center for Biomedical Research, Université Campus Biomedico, Via
Langoni 83, I-00155 Roma, Italy (L.D.G.)
Nitric oxide (NO) has been postulated to be required,
together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), for the
activation of the hypersensitive reaction, a defense response induced
in the noncompatible plant-pathogen interaction. However, its
involvement in activating programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells
has been questioned. In this paper, the involvement of the cellular
antioxidant metabolism in the signal transduction triggered by these
bioactive molecules has been investigated. NO and ROS levels were
singularly or simultaneously increased in tobacco (Nicotiana
tabacum cv Bright-Yellow 2) cells by the addition to the
culture medium of NO and/or ROS generators. The individual increase in
NO or ROS had different effects on the studied parameters than the
simultaneous increase in the two reactive species. NO generation did
not cause an increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity or
induction of cellular death. It only induced minor changes in ascorbate
(ASC) and glutathione (GSH) metabolisms. An increase in ROS induced
oxidative stress in the cells, causing an oxidation of the ASC and GSH
redox pairs; however, it had no effect on PAL activity and did not
induce cell death when it was generated at low concentrations. In
contrast, the simultaneous increase of NO and ROS activated a process
of death with the typical cytological and biochemical features of hypersensitive PCD and a remarkable rise in PAL activity. Under the
simultaneous generation of NO and ROS, the cellular antioxidant capabilities were also suppressed. The involvement of ASC and GSH as
part of the transduction pathway leading to PCD is discussed.
1
This work was supported in part by Ministero
dell'Istzuzione, dell'Université e delle Ricerce, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche and by the European Social Fund.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail degara{at}botanica.uniba.it; fax
39-080-5442155.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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