First published online October 15, 2002; 10.1104/pp.006858
Plant Physiol, November 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 1143-1151
The Combined Effect of Drought Stress and Heat
Shock on Gene Expression in Tobacco1
Ludmila
Rizhsky,
Hongjian
Liang, and
Ron
Mittler*
Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,
Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel (L.R.); and Department of Botany,
Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Room 353 Bessey Hall,
Ames, Iowa 50011 (H.L., R.M.)
In nature, plants encounter a combination of environmental
conditions that may include stresses such as drought or heat shock. Although drought and heat shock have been extensively studied, little
is known about how their combination affect plants. We used cDNA
arrays, coupled with physiological measurements, to study the effect of
drought and heat shock on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
plants. A combination of drought and heat shock resulted in the closure
of stomata, suppression of photosynthesis, enhancement of respiration,
and increased leaf temperature. Some transcripts induced during
drought, e.g. those encoding dehydrin, catalase, and glycolate oxidase,
and some transcripts induced during heat shock, e.g. thioredoxin
peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase, were suppressed during a
combination of drought and heat shock. In contrast, the expression of
other transcripts, including alternative oxidase, glutathione
peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, pathogenesis-related proteins,
a WRKY transcription factor, and an ethylene response transcriptional
co-activator, was specifically induced during a combination of drought
and heat shock. Photosynthetic genes were suppressed, whereas
transcripts encoding some glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway
enzymes were induced, suggesting the utilization of sugars through
these pathways during stress. Our results demonstrate that the response
of plants to a combination of drought and heat shock, similar to the
conditions in many natural environments, is different from the response
of plants to each of these stresses applied individually, as typically
tested in the laboratory. This response was also different from the
response of plants to other stresses such as cold, salt, or pathogen
attack. Therefore, improving stress tolerance of plants and crops may require a reevaluation, taking into account the effect of multiple stresses on plant metabolism and defense.
1
This work was supported by the Israeli Academy
of Science, by the Hebrew University Minerva Arid Ecosystem Research
Center, by The Biotechnology Council (Iowa State University), and by
the fund for the promotion of research at Technion.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail rmittler{at}iastate.edu; fax
515- 294-1337.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists
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