First published online October 15, 2002; 10.1104/pp.011114
Plant Physiol, November 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 1443-1453
Salt Stress Inhibits the Repair of Photodamaged Photosystem II by
Suppressing the Transcription and Translation of psbA
Genes in Synechocystis1
Suleyman I.
Allakhverdiev,
Yoshitaka
Nishiyama,
Sachio
Miyairi,
Hiroshi
Yamamoto,
Noritoshi
Inagaki,
Yu
Kanesaki, and
Norio
Murata*
Department of Regulation Biology, National Institute for Basic
Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan (S.I.A., H.Y., Y.K., N.M.);
Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pushchino, Moscow Region 142292, Russia (S.I.A.); Department of
Chemistry, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan (Y.N.);
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,
Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan (S.M.); National Institute of Agribiological
Resources, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan (N.I.); and Department of
Biomechanics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for
Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan (N.M.)
Light stress and salt stress are major environmental factors
that limit the efficiency of photosynthesis. However, we have found
that the effects of light and salt stress on photosystem II (PSII) in
the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 are completely different. Strong light induced photodamage to PSII, whereas
salt stress inhibited the repair of the photodamaged PSII and did not
accelerate damage to PSII directly. The combination of light and salt
stress appeared to inactivate PSII very rapidly as a consequence of
their synergistic effects. Radioactive labeling of cells revealed that
salt stress inhibited the synthesis of proteins de novo and, in
particular, the synthesis of the D1 protein. Northern- and
western-blotting analyses demonstrated that salt stress inhibited the
transcription and the translation of psbA genes, which
encode D1 protein. DNA microarray analysis indicated that the
light-induced expression of various genes was suppressed by salt
stress. Thus, our results suggest that salt stress inhibits the repair
of PSII via suppression of the activities of the transcriptional and
translational machinery.
1
This work was supported, in part, by the
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan (Grant-in-Aid for
Scientific Research no. 13854002), by the Cooperative Research Program
of the National Institute for Basic Biology on the Stress Tolerance of
Plants, and by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
(Invitation Fellowship for Research in Japan to S.I.A.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail murata{at}nibb.ac.jp; fax
81-564-54-4866.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists
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