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Plant Physiol, December 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 1657-1674
Functional Specialization of Maize Mitochondrial Aldehyde
Dehydrogenases1
Feng
Liu and
Patrick S.
Schnable*
Departments of Zoology and Genetics (F.L., P.S.S.) and Agronomy
(P.S.S.), Interdepartmental Genetics Program (F.L., P.S.S.), and Center
for Plant Genomics (P.S.S.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
50011
The maize (Zea mays) rf2a and
rf2b genes both encode homotetrameric aldehyde
dehydrogenases (ALDHs). The RF2A protein was shown previously to
accumulate in the mitochondria. In vitro import experiments and ALDH
assays on mitochondrial extracts from rf2a mutant plants
established that the RF2B protein also accumulates in the mitochondria.
RNA gel-blot analyses and immunohistolocation experiments revealed that
these two proteins have only partially redundant expression patterns in
organs and cell types. For example, RF2A, but not RF2B, accumulates to
high levels in the tapetal cells of anthers. Kinetic analyses
established that RF2A and RF2B have quite different substrate
specificities; although RF2A can oxidize a broad range of aldehydes,
including aliphatic aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes, RF2B can oxidize
only short-chain aliphatic aldehydes. These two enzymes also have
different pH optima and responses to changes in substrate
concentration. In addition, RF2A, but not RF2B or any other natural
ALDHs, exhibits positive cooperativity. These functional
specializations may explain why many species have two mitochondrial
ALDHs. This study provides data that serve as a basis for identifying
the physiological pathway by which the rf2a gene
participates in normal anther development and the restoration of
Texas cytoplasm-based male sterility. For example, the
observations that Texas cytoplasm anthers do not accumulate elevated
levels of reactive oxygen species or lipid peroxidation and the kinetic
features of RF2A make it unlikely that rf2a restores
fertility by preventing premature programmed cell death.
1
This work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture National Research Initiative program (competitive grant
nos. 9801805, 0001478, and 0201414 to P.S.S.), by the Human Frontiers in Science Program (grant no. RG0067 to Cris Kuhlemeier [Institute of
Plant Physiology, University of Berne, Switzerland] and P.S.S.), by
the Hatch Act, and by State of Iowa funds.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail schnable{at}iastate.edu; fax
515-294-2299.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists
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