First published online November 14, 2002; 10.1104/pp.007799
Plant Physiol, December 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 1815-1826
Forms of Zinc Accumulated in the Hyperaccumulator
Arabidopsis halleri1
Géraldine
Sarret,*
Pierre
Saumitou-Laprade,
Valérie
Bert,2
Olivier
Proux,
Jean-Louis
Hazemann,
Agnès
Traverse,
Matthew A.
Marcus, and
Alain
Manceau
Environmental Geochemistry Group, Laboratoire de Géophysique
Interne et Tectonophysique, University of Grenoble and Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Boite Postale 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (G.S., A.M.); Laboratoire de
Génétique et Evolution des Populations
Végétales, Université de Lille1 and CNRS, Bât
SN2, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France (P.S.-L., V.B.);
Laboratoire de Cristallographie, CNRS, 25 avenue des Martyrs, Boite
Postale 166, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France (O.P., J.-L.H.);
Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation du Rayonnement Electromagnétique,
Bât 209D, Centre Universitaire, Boite Postale 34, 91898 Orsay
cedex, France (A.T.); and Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley Lab, MS
6-2100, Berkeley, California 94720 (M.A.M.)
The chemical forms of zinc (Zn) in the Zn-tolerant and
hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri and in the
non-tolerant and nonaccumulator Arabidopsis
lyrata subsp. petraea were determined at
the molecular level by combining chemical analyses, extended x-ray
absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS), synchrotron-based x-ray
microfluorescence, and µEXAFS. Plants were grown in hydroponics with
various Zn concentrations, and A. halleri specimens
growing naturally in a contaminated site were also collected. Zn
speciation in A. halleri was independent of the origin
of the plants (contaminated or non-contaminated) and Zn exposure. In
aerial parts, Zn was predominantly octahedrally coordinated and
complexed to malate. A secondary organic species was identified in the
bases of the trichomes, which contained elevated Zn concentrations, and
in which Zn was tetrahedrally coordinated and complexed to carboxyl
and/or hydroxyl functional groups. This species was detected thanks to
the good resolution and sensitivity of synchrotron-based x-ray
microfluorescence and µEXAFS. In the roots of A.
halleri grown in hydroponics, Zn phosphate was the only species
detected, and is believed to result from chemical precipitation on the
root surface. In the roots of A. halleri grown on the
contaminated soil, Zn was distributed in Zn malate, Zn citrate, and Zn
phosphate. Zn phosphate was present in both the roots and aerial part
of A. lyrata subsp. petraea. This study
illustrates the complementarity of bulk and spatially resolved
techniques, allowing the identification of: (a) the predominant chemical forms of the metal, and (b) the minor forms present in particular cells, both types of information being essential for a
better understanding of the bioaccumulation processes.
1
This work was supported by the CNRS,
"Programme Environnement, Vie et Société" (grant no.
00N55) and by the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Region, "Programme de Recherches
Concertées."
2
Present address: Centre National de Recherche sur les
Sites et Sols Pollués (CNRSSP), 930 Bd. Lahure, Boite Postale
537, 59505 Douai cedex, France.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail gsarret{at}ujf-grenoble.fr; fax
33-4-76-82-81-01.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists
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