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Plant Physiol, December 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 1852-1859
Nitric Oxide Improves Internal Iron Availability in
Plants1
Magdalena
Graziano,
María Verónica
Beligni, and
Lorenzo
Lamattina*
Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias
Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
Iron deficiency impairs chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast
development. In leaves, most of the iron must cross several biological
membranes to reach the chloroplast. The components involved in the
complex internal iron transport are largely unknown. Nitric oxide (NO),
a bioactive free radical, can react with transition metals to form
metal-nitrosyl complexes. Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely
prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays)
plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 µM
Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution.
S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, another
NO donor, as well as gaseous NO supply in a translucent chamber were
also able to revert the iron deficiency symptoms. A specific NO
scavenger,
2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, blocked the effect of the NO donors. The effect of NO treatment on the
photosynthetic apparatus of iron-deficient plants was also studied.
Electron micrographs of mesophyll cells from iron-deficient maize
plants revealed plastids with few photosynthetic lamellae and
rudimentary grana. In contrast, in NO-treated maize plants, mesophyll
chloroplast appeared completely developed. NO treatment did not
increase iron content in plant organs, when expressed in a fresh matter
basis, suggesting that root iron uptake was not enhanced. NO scavengers
2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide and
methylene blue promoted interveinal chlorosis in iron-replete maize
plants (growing in 250 µM Fe-EDTA). Even though results support a role for endogenous NO in iron nutrition, experiments did not
establish an essential role. NO was also able to revert the chlorotic
phenotype of the iron-inefficient maize mutants yellow
stripe1 and yellow stripe3, both impaired in the
iron uptake mechanisms. All together, these results support a
biological action of NO on the availability and/or delivery of
metabolically active iron within the plant.
1
This work was supported by the Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (grant no. PIP
0898/98), by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica
y Tecnológica (grant no. 6496/99), by the Fundación
Antorchas, the Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de
la Provincia de Buenos Aires, and by the Universidad Nacional de Mar
del Plata, Argentina.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail lolama{at}mdp.edu.ar; fax
54-223-475-3150.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists
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