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Plant Physiol, December 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 1883-1893
Genetic Complexity of Cellulose Synthase A Gene Function in
Arabidopsis Embryogenesis1
Tom
Beeckman,2
Gerhard K.H.
Przemeck,23
George
Stamatiou,2
Rachel
Lau,4
Nancy
Terryn,
Riet
De Rycke,
Dirk
Inzé, and
Thomas
Berleth*
Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity
Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
(T. Beeckman, N.T., R.D.R., D.I.); Institut für Genetik,
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-80638 München, Germany
(G.K.H.P.); and Department of Botany, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2 (G.S., R.L., T. Berleth)
The products of the cellulose synthase A (CESA)
gene family are thought to function as isoforms of the cellulose
synthase catalytic subunit, but for most CESA genes, the
exact role in plant growth is still unknown. Assessing the function of
individual CESA genes will require the identification of
the null-mutant phenotypes and of the gene expression profiles for each
gene. Here, we report that only four of 10 CESA genes,
CESA1, CESA2, CESA3, and
CESA9 are significantly expressed in the Arabidopsis embryo. We further identified two new mutations in the RADIALLY SWOLLEN1 (RSW1/CESA1) gene of
Arabidopsis that obstruct organized growth in both shoot and root and
interfere with cell division and cell expansion already in
embryogenesis. One mutation is expected to completely abolish the
enzymatic activity of RSW1(CESA1) because it eliminated one of three conserved Asp residues, which are considered essential for  -glycosyltransferase activity. In this presumed null
mutant, primary cell walls are still being formed, but are thin, highly
undulated, and frequently interrupted. From the heart-stage onward,
cell elongation in the embryo axis is severely impaired, and cell width
is disproportionally increased. In the embryo, CESA1,
CESA2, CESA3, and CESA9
are expressed in largely overlapping domains and may act cooperatively
in higher order complexes. The embryonic phenotype of the presumed
rsw1 null mutant indicates that the RSW1(CESA1) product
has a critical, nonredundant function, but is nevertheless not strictly
required for primary cell wall formation.
1
This work was supported by the Multidisciplinary
Network program of the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council
of Canada, by the Interuniversity Poles of Attraction Program (Belgian State, Prime Minister's Office, Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs; grant nos. P4/15 and P5/13), and by the
European Community BIOTECH Research Program (grant no. ERB-BIO4-CT96-0217).
2
These authors contributed equally to the paper.
3
Present address: Institute of Experimental Genetics,
GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, D-85764
Neuherberg, Germany.
4
Present address: Department of Genetics and Genomic
Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail berleth{at}botany.utoronto.ca; fax
416-978-5878.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists
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