First published online November 14, 2002; 10.1104/pp.008441
Plant Physiol, December 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 1894-1907
Light-Dependent Death of Maize lls1 Cells Is Mediated
by Mature Chloroplasts1
John
Gray,2*
Diane
Janick-Buckner,2
Brent
Buckner,
Pam S.
Close, and
Gurmukh S.
Johal
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of
Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606 (J.G.); Division of Science, Truman State
University, Kirksville, Missouri 63501 (D.J.-B., B.B.); Hickman High
School, Columbia, Missouri 65202 (P.S.C.); and Department of Botany and
Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (G.S.J.)
We reported previously the isolation of a novel cell
death-suppressing gene from maize (Zea mays) encoded by
the Lls1 (Lethal leaf spot-1)
gene. Although the exact metabolic function of LLS1 remains
elusive, here we provide insight into mechanisms that underlie the
initiation and propagation of cell death associated with
lls1 lesions. Our data indicate that lls1
lesions are triggered in response to a cell-damaging event caused by
any biotic or abiotic agent or intrinsic metabolic imbalance as long
as the leaf tissue is developmentally competent to develop
lls1 lesions. Continued expansion of these lesions,
however, depends on the availability of light, with fluence rate being
more important than spectral quality. Double-mutant analysis of
lls1 with two maize mutants oil-yellow
and iojap, both compromised photosynthetically and unable to accumulate normal levels of chlorophyll, indicated that it
was the light harvested by the plant that energized lls1
lesion development. Chloroplasts appear to be the key mediators of
lls1 cell death; their swelling and distortion occurs
before any other changes normally associated with dying cells. In
agreement with these results are indications that LLS1 is a
chloroplast-localized protein whose transcript was detected only in
green tissues. The propagative nature of light-dependent
lls1 lesions predicts that cell death associated with
these lesions is caused by a mobile agent such as reactive oxidative
species. LLS1 may act to prevent reactive oxidative species formation
or serve to remove a cell death mediator so as to maintain chloroplast
integrity and cell survival.
1
Major funding for this work was provided by the
National Science Foundation (grant no. MCB-9729608 to G.S.J.), and
minor funding provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (grant no.
2000-01465 to J.G.) and by The University of Toledo (laboratory
startup funds to J.G.). This is journal paper no. 16,872 of the Purdue
University Agricultural Research Programs.
2
These authors contributed equally to the paper.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail jgray5{at}uoft02.utoledo.edu; fax
419-530-7737.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists
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