First published online November 7, 2002; 10.1104/pp.009712
Plant Physiol, December 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 1918-1926
Ethylene Synthesis Regulated by Biphasic Induction of
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase and
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Genes Is
Required for Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation and Cell Death in
Ozone-Exposed Tomato1
Wolfgang
Moeder,2
Cornelius S.
Barry,2
Airi A.
Tauriainen,
Christian
Betz,3
Jaana
Tuomainen,4
Merja
Utriainen,5
Donald
Grierson,
Heinrich
Sandermann,
Christian
Langebartels, and
Jaakko
Kangasjärvi*
Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, GSF-National
Research Center for Environment and Health, D-85764 Oberschleissheim,
Germany (W.M., C.B., H.S., C.L.); Plant Science Division, School of
Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus,
Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (C.S.B., D.G.); Institute of
Biotechnology and Division of Genetics, Department of Biosciences,
University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland (A.A.T., M.U.,
J.K.); Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of
Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland (J.T.); and Plant Physiology and
Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Turku,
FIN-20014 Turku, Finland (J.K.)
We show that above a certain threshold concentration, ozone
leads to leaf injury in tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum). Ozone-induced leaf damage was preceded by a rapid
increase in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase
activity, ACC content, and ethylene emission. Changes in mRNA levels of
specific ACC synthase, ACC oxidase, and ethylene receptor genes
occurred within 1 to 5 h. Expression of the genes encoding
components of ethylene biosynthesis and perception, and biochemistry of
ethylene synthesis suggested that ozone-induced ethylene synthesis in
tomato is under biphasic control. In transgenic plants containing an
LE-ACO1 promoter- -glucuronidase fusion construct,
-glucuronidase activity increased rapidly at the beginning of the
O3 exposure and had a spatial distribution resembling the
pattern of extracellular H2O2 production at
7 h, which coincided with the cell death pattern after 24 h.
Ethylene synthesis and perception were required for active
H2O2 production and cell death resulting in
visible tissue damage. The results demonstrate a selective ozone
response of ethylene biosynthetic genes and suggest a role for
ethylene, in combination with the burst of H2O2
production, in regulating the spread of cell death.
1
This work was supported by the Scientific
Council of Research of Environment and Natural Resources in Finland
(grant nos. 33200 and 8822), by the Finnish Centre of Excellence
Program (2000-2005), by the European Union (grant no.
FAIR-CT97-3493, TOMSTRESS), by Bayerisches Staatsministerium für
Landesentwicklung und Umweltfragen, by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(grant no. SFB 607), and by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences
Research Council (grant no. 42/P09465).
2
Present address: Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant
Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
3
Present address: MWG Biotech AG, Anzinger Str. 7, D-85560 Ebersberg, Germany.
4
Present address: North Savo Regional Environment Centre,
POB 1049, FIN-70101 Kuopio, Finland.
5
Present address: Janssen-Cilag Oy,
Metsänneidonkuja 8 FIN-02130 Espoo, Finland.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail jaakko.kangasjarvi{at}utu.fi; fax
358-2-333-5549.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists
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