First published online November 7, 2002; 10.1104/pp.008250
Plant Physiol, December 2002, Vol. 130, pp. 1992-1998
Temperature Response of Mesophyll Conductance. Implications for
the Determination of Rubisco Enzyme Kinetics and for Limitations to
Photosynthesis in Vivo
Carl J.
Bernacchi,
Archie R.
Portis,
Hiromi
Nakano,
Susanne
von Caemmerer, and
Stephen P.
Long*
Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of
Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (C.J.B., A.R.P., S.P.L.);
Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United
States Department of Agriculture, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (C.J.B.,
A.R.P.); and Molecular Plant Physiology Group, Research School of
Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra City,
Australian Capitol Territory 2601, Australia (H.N., S.v.C.)
CO2 transfer conductance from the intercellular
airspaces of the leaf into the chloroplast, defined as mesophyll
conductance (gm), is finite.
Therefore, it will limit photosynthesis when CO2 is not
saturating, as in C3 leaves in the present atmosphere. Little is known
about the processes that determine the magnitude of
gm. The process dominating
gm is uncertain, though carbonic
anhydrase, aquaporins, and the diffusivity of CO2 in water
have all been suggested. The response of
gm to temperature (10°C-40°C) in
mature leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv W38)
was determined using measurements of leaf carbon dioxide and water
vapor exchange, coupled with modulated chlorophyll fluorescence. These
measurements revealed a temperature coefficient (Q10) of
approximately 2.2 for gm, suggesting
control by a protein-facilitated process because the Q10
for diffusion of CO2 in water is about 1.25. Further,
gm values are maximal at 35°C to
37.5°C, again suggesting a protein-facilitated process, but with a
lower energy of deactivation than Rubisco. Using the temperature
response of gm to calculate
CO2 at Rubisco, the kinetic parameters of Rubisco were
calculated in vivo from 10°C to 40°C. Using these parameters, we
determined the limitation imposed on photosynthesis by
gm. Despite an exponential rise with
temperature, gm does not keep pace
with increased capacity for CO2 uptake at the site of
Rubisco. The fraction of the total limitations to CO2
uptake within the leaf attributable to
gm rose from 0.10 at 10°C to 0.22 at
40°C. This shows that transfer of CO2 from the
intercellular air space to Rubisco is a very substantial limitation on
photosynthesis, especially at high temperature.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail stevel{at}life.uiuc.edu; fax
217-244-7563.
© 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists
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