|
Plant Physiol, January 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 215-227
Alanine Aminotransferase Homologs Catalyze the
Glutamate:Glyoxylate Aminotransferase Reaction in Peroxisomes of
Arabidopsis1
Aaron H.
Liepman2 and
Laura J.
Olsen*
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048
Plant peroxisomal glyoxylate aminotransferases play central
roles within the photorespiratory pathway. Genes encoding glyoxylate aminotransferases have been isolated from several animals and microbes,
but only recently have plant homologs been identified. Three
Arabidopsis homologs of alanine (Ala):glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGT2) contain a putative type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1),
but the metabolic significance of these AGT2 homologs is unknown. GGT1
and GGT2 are Ala aminotransferase (AlaAT) homologs from Arabidopsis
that represent another type of glyoxylate aminotransferase. These
proteins are class I aminotransferases, each containing a putative
PTS1. GGT1 and GGT2 are members of a small family of AlaATs in
Arabidopsis. When expressed as recombinant proteins in
Escherichia coli, GGT1 and GGT2 displayed biochemical
characteristics very similar to one another, and to the Arabidopsis
protein purified from leaves. Four aminotransferase activities were
specifically associated with GGT1 and GGT2, using the substrate pairs
glutamate (Glu):glyoxylate, Ala:glyoxylate, Glu:pyruvate, and
Ala:2-oxoglutarate. GGT1 and GGT2 may
have partially redundant functions; transcripts of both genes were
detected in many of the same tissues. Although Glu:glyoxylate
aminotransferase (GGT) activity has been observed in several locations
in different plants and algae, including the cytoplasm and
mitochondria, our subcellular fractionation data indicate that GGT
activity was exclusively peroxisomal in Arabidopsis. Thus, glyoxylate
aminotransferase reactions in plant peroxisomes appear to be catalyzed
by at least two distinct types of aminotransferases: an AGT1 homolog
with serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity (A.H. Liepman,
L.J. Olsen [2001] Plant J 25: 487-498), and a pair of
closely related, potentially redundant AlaAT homologs with GGT activity.
1
This work was supported in part by the
University of Michigan Cellular Biotechnology Training Program
(fellowship no. NIH-GM08353 to A.H.L.) and by the Rackham School of
Graduate Studies (fellowship to A.H.L.).
2
Present address: Department of Energy Plant
Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
48824-1312.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail ljo{at}umich.edu; fax
734-647-0884.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
A. Atteia, A. Adrait, S. Brugiere, M. Tardif, R. van Lis, O. Deusch, T. Dagan, L. Kuhn, B. Gontero, W. Martin, et al.
A Proteomic Survey of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Mitochondria Sheds New Light on the Metabolic Plasticity of the Organelle and on the Nature of the {alpha}-Proteobacterial Mitochondrial Ancestor
Mol. Biol. Evol.,
July 1, 2009;
26(7):
1533 - 1548.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Clark, R. Di Leo, P. K. Dhanoa, O. R. Van Cauwenberghe, R. T. Mullen, and B. J. Shelp
Biochemical characterization, mitochondrial localization, expression, and potential functions for an Arabidopsis {gamma}-aminobutyrate transaminase that utilizes both pyruvate and glyoxylate
J. Exp. Bot.,
April 1, 2009;
60(6):
1743 - 1757.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Ma and S. Reumann
Improved prediction of peroxisomal PTS1 proteins from genome sequences based on experimental subcellular targeting analyses as exemplified for protein kinases from Arabidopsis
J. Exp. Bot.,
October 1, 2008;
59(13):
3767 - 3779.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Collakova, A. Goyer, V. Naponelli, I. Krassovskaya, J. F. Gregory III, A. D. Hanson, and Y. Shachar-Hill
Arabidopsis 10-Formyl Tetrahydrofolate Deformylases Are Essential for Photorespiration
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2008;
20(7):
1818 - 1832.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Arai, M. Hayashi, and M. Nishimura
Proteomic Analysis of Highly Purified Peroxisomes from Etiolated Soybean Cotyledons
Plant Cell Physiol.,
April 1, 2008;
49(4):
526 - 539.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Igarashi, H. Tsuchida, M. Miyao, and C. Ohsumi
Glutamate:Glyoxylate Aminotransferase Modulates Amino Acid Content during Photorespiration
Plant Physiology,
November 1, 2006;
142(3):
901 - 910.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Ricoult, L. O. Echeverria, J.-B. Cliquet, and A. M. Limami
Characterization of alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) multigene family and hypoxic response in young seedlings of the model legume Medicago truncatula
J. Exp. Bot.,
September 1, 2006;
57(12):
3079 - 3089.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Voll, A. Jamai, P. Renne, H. Voll, C. R. McClung, and A. P.M. Weber
The Photorespiratory Arabidopsis shm1 Mutant Is Deficient in SHM1
Plant Physiology,
January 1, 2006;
140(1):
59 - 66.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Goyer, E. Collakova, R. D. de la Garza, E. P. Quinlivan, J. Williamson, J. F. Gregory III, Y. Shachar-Hill, and A. D. Hanson
5-Formyltetrahydrofolate Is an Inhibitory but Well Tolerated Metabolite in Arabidopsis Leaves
J. Biol. Chem.,
July 15, 2005;
280(28):
26137 - 26142.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Liepman, C. G. Wilkerson, and K. Keegstra
Expression of cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes in insect cells reveals that CslA family members encode mannan synthases
PNAS,
February 8, 2005;
102(6):
2221 - 2226.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Reumann
Specification of the Peroxisome Targeting Signals Type 1 and Type 2 of Plant Peroxisomes by Bioinformatics Analyses
Plant Physiology,
June 1, 2004;
135(2):
783 - 800.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Taler, M. Galperin, I. Benjamin, Y. Cohen, and D. Kenigsbuch
Plant eR Genes That Encode Photorespiratory Enzymes Confer Resistance against Disease
PLANT CELL,
January 1, 2004;
16(1):
172 - 184.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kamada, K. Nito, H. Hayashi, S. Mano, M. Hayashi, and M. Nishimura
Functional Differentiation of Peroxisomes Revealed by Expression Profiles of Peroxisomal Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Cell Physiol.,
December 15, 2003;
44(12):
1275 - 1289.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Schwender, J. B. Ohlrogge, and Y. Shachar-Hill
A Flux Model of Glycolysis and the Oxidative Pentosephosphate Pathway in Developing Brassica napus Embryos
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 8, 2003;
278(32):
29442 - 29453.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
