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Plant Physiol, January 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 298-308
Modulation of CYP79 Genes and Glucosinolate Profiles in
Arabidopsis by Defense Signaling Pathways1
Michael Dalgaard
Mikkelsen,2
Bent
Larsen
Petersen,2
Erich
Glawischnig,
Anders Bøgh
Jensen,
Erik
Andreasson, and
Barbara Ann
Halkier*
Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology,
The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, opgang 10, st, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.D.M.,
E.G., B.A.H.); Center for Molecular Plant Physiology, The Royal
Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871
Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.D.M., B.L.P., E.G., B.A.H.);
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Group, The
Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, opgang 8, 2. Sal DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
(B.L.P.); and Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Molecular
Biology, Copenhagen University, Oester Farimagsgade 2A DK-1353,
Copenhagen K, Denmark (A.B.J., E.A.)
Glucosinolates are natural plant products that function in the
defense toward herbivores and pathogens. Plant defense is regulated by
multiple signal transduction pathways in which salicylic acid (SA),
jasmonic acid, and ethylene function as signaling molecules. Glucosinolate content was analyzed in Arabidopsis wild-type plants in
response to single or combinatorial treatments with methyljasmonate (MeJA), 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid, ethylene, and
2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid, or by wounding. In addition, several
signal transduction mutants and the SA-depleted transgenic NahG line
were analyzed. In parallel, expression of glucosinolate biosynthetic
genes of the CYP79 gene family and the
UDPG:thiohydroximate glucosyltransferase was monitored. After MeJA
treatment, the amount of indole glucosinolates increased 3- to 4-fold,
and the corresponding Trp-metabolizing genes CYP79B2 and
CYP79B3 were both highly induced. Specifically, the
indole glucosinolate
N-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate accumulated
10-fold in response to MeJA treatment, whereas
4-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate accumulated 1.5-fold in
response to 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid. In general, few changes
were seen for the levels of aliphatic glucosinolates, although
increases in the levels of 8-methylthiooctyl glucosinolate and
8-methylsulfinyloctyl glucosinolate were observed, particularly after
MeJA treatments. The findings were supported by the composition of
glucosinolates in the coronatine-insensitive mutant
coi1, the ctr1 mutant displaying
constitutive triple response, and the SA-overproducing
mpk4 and cpr1 mutants. The present data indicate that different indole glucosinolate methoxylating enzymes are
induced by the jasmonate and the SA signal transduction pathways, whereas the aliphatic glucosinolates appear to be primarily genetically and not environmentally controlled. Thus, different defense pathways activate subsets of biosynthetic enzymes, leading to the accumulation of specific glucosinolates.
1
This work was supported by a European Molecular
Biology Organization long-term fellowship (for E.G.).
2
These authors contributed equally to the paper.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail bah{at}kvl.dk; fax
45-35-28-33-33.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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