First published online January 9, 2003; 10.1104/pp.012732
Plant Physiol, February 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 430-442
Gene Expression in Autumn Leaves1
Rupali
Bhalerao,
Johanna
Keskitalo,
Fredrik
Sterky,
Rikard
Erlandsson,
Harry
Björkbacka,2
Simon
Jonsson
Birve,
Jan
Karlsson,
Per
Gardeström,
Petter
Gustafsson,
Joakim
Lundeberg, and
Stefan
Jansson*
Umea Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, Umea
University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden (R.B., Jo.K., H.B., S.J.B., Ja.K.,
Per. G., Pet. G., S.J.); and Department of Biotechnology,
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Royal Institute of
Technology, Stockholm Center for Physics, Astronomy, and
Biotechnology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden (F.S., R.E., J.L.)
Two cDNA libraries were prepared, one from leaves of a field-grown
aspen (Populus tremula) tree, harvested just
before any visible sign of leaf senescence in the autumn, and one from
young but fully expanded leaves of greenhouse-grown aspen
(Populus tremula × tremuloides). Expressed sequence tags
(ESTs; 5,128 and 4,841, respectively) were obtained from the two
libraries. A semiautomatic method of annotation and functional
classification of the ESTs, according to a modified Munich Institute of
Protein Sequences classification scheme, was developed, utilizing
information from three different databases. The patterns of gene
expression in the two libraries were strikingly different. In the
autumn leaf library, ESTs encoding metallothionein, early
light-inducible proteins, and cysteine proteases were most abundant.
Clones encoding other proteases and proteins involved in respiration
and breakdown of lipids and pigments, as well as stress-related genes,
were also well represented. We identified homologs to many known
senescence-associated genes, as well as seven different genes encoding
cysteine proteases, two encoding aspartic proteases, five encoding
metallothioneins, and 35 additional genes that were up-regulated in
autumn leaves. We also indirectly estimated the rate of plastid protein
synthesis in the autumn leaves to be less that 10% of that in young
leaves.
1
This work was supported by the Knut and Alice
Wallenberg Foundation, by the Foundation for Strategic Research, by the
Swedish Research Council (grant to S.J.), and by the Swedish Research Council for the Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning (Formas; grants to S.J., J.L., and P.G.).
2
Present address: Lipid Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts
General Hospital, 32 Fruit Street, GRJ 1328, Boston, MA 02114.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail
stefan.jansson{at}plantphys.umu.se; fax 46-786-66-76.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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