First published online January 9, 2003; 10.1104/pp.015966
Plant Physiol, February 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 493-506
WVD2 and WDL1 Modulate Helical Organ Growth and Anisotropic Cell
Expansion in Arabidopsis1,[w]
Christen Y.L.
Yuen,2
Rebecca S.
Pearlman,23
Laura
Silo-suh,4
Pierre
Hilson,5
Kathleen L.
Carroll,6 and
Patrick H.
Masson*
Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, 445 Henry Mall,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Wild-type Arabidopsis roots develop a wavy pattern of growth
on tilted agar surfaces. For many Arabidopsis ecotypes, roots also grow
askew on such surfaces, typically slanting to the right of the gravity
vector. We identified a mutant, wvd2-1, that displays suppressed root waving and leftward root slanting under these conditions. These phenotypes arise from transcriptional activation of
the novel WAVE-DAMPENED2
(WVD2) gene by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter
in mutant plants. Seedlings overexpressing WVD2 exhibit
constitutive right-handed helical growth in both roots and etiolated
hypocotyls, whereas the petioles of WVD2-overexpressing rosette leaves
exhibit left-handed twisting. Moreover, the anisotropic expansion of
cells is impaired, resulting in the formation of shorter and stockier
organs. In roots, the phenotype is accompanied by a change in the
arrangement of cortical microtubules within peripheral cap cells and
cells at the basal end of the elongation zone. WVD2
transcripts are detectable by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain
reaction in multiple organs of wild-type plants. Its predicted gene
product contains a conserved region named "KLEEK," which is found
only in plant proteins. The Arabidopsis genome possesses seven other
genes predicted to encode KLEEK-containing products. Overexpression of
one of these genes, WVD2-LIKE 1, which
encodes a protein with regions of similarity to WVD2 extending beyond the KLEEK domain, results in phenotypes that are highly similar to
wvd2-1. Silencing of WVD2 and its
paralogs results in enhanced root skewing in the wild-type direction.
Our observations suggest that at least two members of this gene family
may modulate both rotational polarity and anisotropic cell expansion
during organ growth.
1
This work was supported by the Fundamental Space
Biology Program of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration
(grant nos. NAG2-1189 and NAG2-1492), by Wisconsin Hatch funds (no.
WIS04310), and by the National Institutes of Health (genetics training
grant no. 5T32GMO7133).
2
These authors contributed equally to the paper.
3
Present address: Department of Biology, 3400 North
Charles Street, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.
4
Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, 315 Life Sciences Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849.
5
Present address: Department of Plant Systems Biology,
Ghent University-VIB, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
6
Present address: Medical School, 4671 Medical Sciences
Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail phmasson{at}facstaff.wisc.edu; fax
608-262-2976.
[w]
The online version of this article contains Web-only
data. The supplemental material is available at
www.plantphysiol.org.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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