First published online January 16, 2003; 10.1104/pp.014407
Plant Physiol, February 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 558-567
Powdery Mildew-Induced Mla mRNAs Are
Alternatively Spliced and Contain Multiple Upstream Open Reading
Frames1
Dennis A.
Halterman,
Fusheng
Wei,2 and
Roger P.
Wise*
Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, United States Department
of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (D.A.H., R.P.W.), and
Interdepartmental Genetics Program and Department of Plant Pathology
(F.W., R.P.W.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020
In barley (Hordeum vulgare), the
Mla13 powdery mildew resistance gene confers
Rar1-dependent, AvrMla13-specific
resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp.
hordei (Bgh). We have identified cDNA and
genomic copies of Mla13 and used this coiled-coil
nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat protein-encoding gene as a
model for the regulation of host resistance to obligate biotrophic
fungi in cereals. We demonstrate quantitatively that a rapid increase in the accumulation of Mla transcripts and transcripts
of the Mla-signaling genes, Rar1 and
Sgt1, is triggered between 16 and 20 h post
inoculation, the same time frame that haustoria of avirulent Bgh make contact with the host cell plasma membrane. An
abundance of Mla13 cDNAs revealed five classes of
transcript leader regions containing two alternatively spliced introns
and up to three upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Alternative
splicing of introns in the transcript leader region results in a
different number of uORFs and variability in the size of
uORF2. These results indicate that regulation of Mla
transcript accumulation is not constitutive and that induction is
coordinately controlled by recognition-specific factors. The sudden
increase in specific transcript levels could account for the rapid
defense response phenotype conferred by Mla6 and
Mla13.
1
This work was supported by U.S. Department of
Agriculture-National Research Initiative/Competitive Grants Program
(grant nos. 98-35300-6169 and 00-35300-9213 to R.P.W.). D.A.H. was
supported in part by a U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural
Research Service Postdoctoral Research Associateship. This paper is a
joint contribution of the Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, and the
Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station.
2
Present address: Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany,
California 94710 and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology,
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
*
Corresponding author; e-mail rpwise{at}iastate.edu; fax
515-294-9420.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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