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First published online January 16, 2003; 10.1104/pp.014407

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Plant Physiol, February 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 558-567

Powdery Mildew-Induced Mla mRNAs Are Alternatively Spliced and Contain Multiple Upstream Open Reading Frames1

Dennis A. Halterman, Fusheng Wei,2 and Roger P. Wise*

Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (D.A.H., R.P.W.), and Interdepartmental Genetics Program and Department of Plant Pathology (F.W., R.P.W.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020

In barley (Hordeum vulgare), the Mla13 powdery mildew resistance gene confers Rar1-dependent, AvrMla13-specific resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). We have identified cDNA and genomic copies of Mla13 and used this coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat protein-encoding gene as a model for the regulation of host resistance to obligate biotrophic fungi in cereals. We demonstrate quantitatively that a rapid increase in the accumulation of Mla transcripts and transcripts of the Mla-signaling genes, Rar1 and Sgt1, is triggered between 16 and 20 h post inoculation, the same time frame that haustoria of avirulent Bgh make contact with the host cell plasma membrane. An abundance of Mla13 cDNAs revealed five classes of transcript leader regions containing two alternatively spliced introns and up to three upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Alternative splicing of introns in the transcript leader region results in a different number of uORFs and variability in the size of uORF2. These results indicate that regulation of Mla transcript accumulation is not constitutive and that induction is coordinately controlled by recognition-specific factors. The sudden increase in specific transcript levels could account for the rapid defense response phenotype conferred by Mla6 and Mla13.

1 This work was supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Research Initiative/Competitive Grants Program (grant nos. 98-35300-6169 and 00-35300-9213 to R.P.W.). D.A.H. was supported in part by a U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Postdoctoral Research Associateship. This paper is a joint contribution of the Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, and the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station.

2 Present address: Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California 94710 and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720

* Corresponding author; e-mail rpwise{at}iastate.edu; fax 515-294-9420.

© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists


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