First published online January 23, 2003; 10.1104/pp.014431
Plant Physiol, February 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 603-609
Functional Divergence of a Syntenic Invertase Gene Family in
Tomato, Potato, and Arabidopsis1
Eyal
Fridman and
Dani
Zamir*
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048 (E.F.); and
Department of Field and Vegetable Crops and The Otto Warburg Center for
Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.Z.)
Comparative analysis of complex developmental pathways
depends on our ability to resolve the function of members of gene
families across taxonomic groups. LIN5, which belongs to
a small gene family of apoplastic invertases in tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum), is a quantitative trait locus
that modifies fruit sugar composition. We have compared the genomic
organization and expression of this gene family in the two distantly
related species: tomato and Arabidopsis. Invertase family members
reside on segmental duplications in the near-colinear genomes of tomato
and potato (Solanum tuberosum). These chromosomal
segments are syntenically duplicated in the model plant Arabidopsis. On
the basis of phylogenetic analysis of genes in the microsyntenic
region, we conclude that these segmental duplications arose
independently after the separation of the tomato/potato clade from
Arabidopsis. Rapid regulatory divergence is characteristic of the
invertase family. Interestingly, although the processes of gene
duplication and specialization of expression occurred separately in the
two species, synteny-based orthologs from both clades acquired similar
organ-specific expression. This similar expression pattern of the genes
is evidence of comparable evolutionary constraints (parallel evolution)
rather than of functional orthology. The observation that functional
orthology cannot be identified through analysis of expression
similarity highlights the caution that needs to be exercised in
extrapolating developmental networks from a model organism.
1
This work was supported by the United
States-Israel Binational Science Foundation.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail zamir{at}agri.huji.ac.il; fax
972-8-9489092.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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