First published online January 9, 2003; 10.1104/pp.012047
Plant Physiol, February 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 610-620
Recently Duplicated Maize R2R3 Myb Genes Provide
Evidence for Distinct Mechanisms of Evolutionary Divergence after
Duplication1
Anusha P.
Dias,2
Edward L.
Braun,2
Michael D.
McMullen, and
Erich
Grotewold*
Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (A.P.D., E.G.); Department of
Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (E.L.B.);
and Plant Genetics Research and Plant Science Units, United States
Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of
Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (M.D.M.)
R2R3 Myb genes are widely distributed in the
higher plants and comprise one of the largest known families of
regulatory proteins. Here, we provide an evolutionary framework
that helps explain the origin of the plant-specific R2R3
Myb genes from widely distributed R1R2R3 Myb
genes, through a series of well-established steps. To understand the
routes of sequence divergence that followed Myb gene
duplication, we supplemented the information available on recently
duplicated maize (Zea mays) R2R3 Myb
genes (C1/Pl1 and
P1/P2) by cloning and characterizing
ZmMyb-IF35 and ZmMyb-IF25. These two
genes correspond to the recently expanded P-to-A group of maize
R2R3 Myb genes. Although the origins of
C1/Pl1 and
ZmMyb-IF35/ZmMyb-IF25 are associated with
the segmental allotetraploid origin of the maize genome, other gene
duplication events also shaped the P-to-A clade. Our analyses indicate
that some recently duplicated Myb gene pairs display
substantial differences in the numbers of synonymous substitutions that
have accumulated in the conserved MYB domain and the divergent
C-terminal regions. Thus, differences in the accumulation of
substitutions during evolution can explain in part the rapid divergence
of C-terminal regions for these proteins in some cases. Contrary to
previous studies, we show that the divergent C termini of these R2R3
MYB proteins are subject to purifying selection. Our results provide an
in-depth analysis of the sequence divergence for some recently
duplicated R2R3 Myb genes, yielding important
information on general patterns of evolution for this large family of
plant regulatory genes.
1
This work was supported in part by the National
Science Foundation (grant nos. MCB-9974474 and MCB-9896111 to
E.G.), by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (postdoctoral fellowship
no. USDA 1999-01582 to E.L.B.), and by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (research funds to
M.D.M.).
2
These authors contributed equally to the paper.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail grotewold.1{at}osu.edu; fax
614-292-5379.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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