First published online January 9, 2003; 10.1104/pp.011445
Plant Physiol, February 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 676-683
Single-Cell Measurements of the Contributions of Cytosolic
Na+ and K+ to Salt
Tolerance1
David E.
Carden,2
David J.
Walker,3
Timothy J.
Flowers, and
Anthony J.
Miller*
Agriculture and Environment Division, Rothamsted Research,
Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (D.E.C., D.J.W.,
A.J.M.); and School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex,
Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QG, United Kingdom (T.J.F.)
Ion concentrations in the roots of two barley (Hordeum
vulgare) varieties that differed in NaCl tolerance were
compared after exposure to NaCl. Triple-barreled H+-,
K+-, and Na+-selective microelectrodes were
used to measure cytosolic activities of the three ions after 5 and
8 d of NaCl stress. In both varieties of barley, it was only
possible to record successfully from root cortical cells because the
epidermal cells appeared to be damaged. The data show that from the 1st
d of full NaCl stress, there were differences in the way in which the
two varieties responded. At 5 d, the tolerant variety maintained a
10-fold lower cytosolic Na+ than the more sensitive
variety, although by 8 d the two varieties were not significantly
different. At this time, the more tolerant variety was better at
maintaining root cytosolic K+ in the high-NaCl background
than was the more sensitive variety. In contrast to earlier work on
K+-starved barley (Walker et al., 1996),
there was no acidification of the cytosol associated with the decreased
cytosolic K+ activity during NaCl stress. These single-cell
measurements of cytosolic and vacuolar ion activities allow calculation
of thermodynamic gradients that can be used to reveal (or predict) the
type of active transporters at both the plasma membrane and tonoplast.
1
This work and Rothamsted Research are supported
by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK;
studentship award to D.E.C.).
2
Present address: Università degli Studi di Padova,
Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Agripolis, Via Romea 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
3
Present address: Department of Environmental Resources,
Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura,
Apartado 4195, 30080 Murcia, Spain.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail tony.miller{at}bbsrc.ac.uk; fax
44-1582-763010.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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