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First published online January 9, 2003; 10.1104/pp.012377

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Plant Physiol, February 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 707-715

Arabidopsis ICX1 Is a Negative Regulator of Several Pathways Regulating Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes1

Helena K. Wade, Awinder K. Sohal,2 and Gareth I. Jenkins*

Plant Science Group, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom

Flavonoid biosynthesis gene expression is controlled by a range of endogenous and environmental signals. The Arabidopsis icx1 (increased chalcone synthase expression 1) mutant has elevated induction of CHS (CHALCONE SYNTHASE) and other flavonoid biosynthesis genes in response to several stimuli. We show that ICX1 is a negative regulator of the cryptochrome 1, phytochrome A, ultraviolet (UV)-B, low temperature, sucrose, and cytokinin induction of CHS expression and/or anthocyanin accumulation, demonstrating that these pathways are regulated either directly or indirectly by at least one common component. Expression analysis of CHS and other genes (LTP, CAB, and rbcS) indicates that ICX1 functions in both seedlings and mature leaf tissue and acts principally in the epidermis, consistent with the alterations in epidermal development seen in icx1. The mutant was unaltered in the synergistic interactions between UV-B, blue, and UV-A light that regulate CHS and we propose a model of action of ICX1 in these responses.

1 This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (PhD studentships to H.K.W. and A.K.S. and research support to G.I.J.).

2 Present address: Molecular Biology Department, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, S-43183 Mölndal, Sweden.

* Corresponding author; e-mail G.Jenkins{at}bio.gla.ac.uk; fax 44-141-330-4447.

© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists


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