First published online February 27, 2003; 10.1104/pp.102.017020
Plant Physiol, March 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 1054-1063
crinkle, a Novel Symbiotic Mutant That Affects the
Infection Thread Growth and Alters the Root Hair, Trichome, and Seed
Development in Lotus japonicus1
Myra L.
Tansengco,
Makoto
Hayashi,*
Masayoshi
Kawaguchi,
Haruko
Imaizumi-Anraku, and
Yoshikatsu
Murooka
Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of
Biotechnology, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (M.L.T.,
M.H., Y.M.); Niigata University, Faculty of Science, Department of
Environmental Sciences, Ninomachi 8050, Ikarashi, Niigata City, Japan
(M.K.); and National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai
2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan (H.I.-A.)
To elucidate the mechanisms involved in
Rhizobium-legume symbiosis, we examined a novel
symbiotic mutant, crinkle (Ljsym79), from
the model legume Lotus japonicus. On nitrogen-starved
medium, crinkle mutants inoculated with the symbiont
bacterium Mesorhizobium loti MAFF 303099 showed severe
nitrogen deficiency symptoms. This mutant was characterized by the
production of many bumps and small, white, uninfected nodule-like
structures. Few nodules were pale-pink and irregularly shaped with
nitrogen-fixing bacteroids and expressing leghemoglobin mRNA.
Morphological analysis of infected roots showed that nodulation in
crinkle mutants is blocked at the stage of the infection
process. Confocal microscopy and histological examination of
crinkle nodules revealed that infection threads were
arrested upon penetrating the epidermal cells. Starch accumulation in
uninfected cells and undeveloped vascular bundles were also noted in
crinkle nodules. Results suggest that the
Crinkle gene controls the infection process that is
crucial during the early stage of nodule organogenesis. Aside from the
symbiotic phenotypes, crinkle mutants also developed morphological alterations, such as crinkly or wavy trichomes, short
seedpods with aborted embryos, and swollen root hairs.
crinkle is therefore required for symbiotic nodule
development and for other aspects of plant development.
1
This work was supported by grants from the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology of Japan (to
M.L.T.), and the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
(CREST) from Japan Science and Technology Corporation (to M.H. and
M.K.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail hayashi{at}bio.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp;
fax 81-6-6879-7418.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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