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First published online February 27, 2003; 10.1104/pp.016113

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Plant Physiol, March 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 1239-1249

Pto Mutants Differentially Activate Prf-Dependent, avrPto-Independent Resistance and Gene-for-
Gene Resistance1

Fangming Xiao, Ming Lu, Jianxiong Li, Tiehan Zhao, Seung Young Yi, Venkatappa K. Thara, Xiaoyan Tang, and Jian-Min Zhou*

Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506

Pto confers disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato carrying the cognate avrPto gene. Overexpression of Pto under the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter activates spontaneous lesions and confers disease resistance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants in the absence of avrPto. Here, we show that these AvrPto-independent defenses require a functional Prf gene. Several Pto-interacting (Pti) proteins are thought to play a role in Pto-mediated defense pathways. To test if interactions with Pti proteins are required for the AvrPto-independent defense responses by Pto overexpression, we isolated several Pto mutants that were unable to interact with one or more Pti proteins, but retained normal interaction with AvrPto. Overexpression of two mutants, PtoG50S and PtoR150S, failed to activate AvrPto-independent defense responses or confer enhanced resistance to the virulent P. s. pv tomato. When introduced into plants carrying 35S::Pto, 35S::PtoG50S dominantly suppressed the AvrPto-independent resistance caused by former transgene. 35S::PtoG50S also blocked the induction of a number of defense genes by the wild-type 35S::Pto. However, 35S::PtoG50S and 35S::PtoR150S plants were completely resistant to P. s. pv tomato (avrPto), indicating a normal gene-for-gene resistance. Furthermore, 35S::PtoG50S plants exhibited normal induction of defense genes in recognition of avrPto. Thus, the AvrPto-independent defense activation and gene-for-gene resistance mediated by Pto are functionally separable.

1 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. MCB9808701 to J.-M.Z.) and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (grant no. 9802511 to X.Y.T.). This is Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station contribution no. 02-170-A.

* Corresponding author; e-mail jzhou{at}ksu.edu; fax 785-532- 5692.

© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists


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