First published online March 13, 2003; 10.1104/pp.102.018184
Plant Physiol, April 2003, Vol. 131, pp. 1894-1902
Molecular Interactions between the Specialist Herbivore
Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and Its Natural
Host Nicotiana attenuata. VI. Microarray Analysis Reveals
That Most Herbivore-Specific Transcriptional Changes Are Mediated by
Fatty Acid-Amino Acid Conjugates1,[w]
Rayko
Halitschke,
Klaus
Gase,
Dequan
Hui,
Dominik D.
Schmidt, and
Ian T.
Baldwin*
Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical
Ecology, Winzerlaer Strasse 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany
Evidence is accumulating that insect-specific plant responses are
mediated by constituents in the oral secretions and regurgitants (R) of
herbivores, however the relative importance of the different potentially active constituents remains unclear. Fatty acid-amino acid
conjugates (FACs) are found in the R of many insect herbivores and have
been shown to be necessary and sufficient to elicit a set of
herbivore-specific responses when the native tobacco plant Nicotiana attenuata is attacked by the tobacco hornworm,
Manduca sexta. Attack by this specialist herbivore
results in a large transcriptional reorganization in N.
attenuata, and 161 genes have been cloned from previous cDNA
differential display-polymerase chain reaction and subtractive
hybridization with magnetic beads analysis. cDNAs of these genes, in
addition to those of 73 new R-responsive genes identified by
cDNA-amplified fragment-length polymorphism display of R-elicited
plants, were spotted on polyepoxide coated glass slides to create
microarrays highly enriched in Manduca spp.- and
R-induced genes. With these microarrays, we compare transcriptional
responses in N. attenuata treated with R from the two
most damaging lepidopteran herbivores of this plant in nature, M. sexta and Manduca quinquemaculata, which have very similar FAC compositions in their R, and with the two most abundant FACs in Manduca spp. R. More than 68% of the genes up-
and down-regulated by M. sexta R were similarly regulated by
M. quinquemaculata R. A majority of genes up-regulated
(64%) and down-regulated (49%) by M. sexta R were
similarly regulated by treatment with the two FACs. In contrast, few
genes showed similar transcriptional changes after
H2O2- and
R-treatment. These results demonstrate that the two most abundant FACs
in Manduca spp. R can account for the majority of
Manduca spp.-induced alterations of the wound response
of N. attenuata.
1
This work was supported by the Max Planck Gesellschaft.
[w]
The online version of this article contains Web-only
data. The supplemental material is available at
www.plantphysiol.org.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail Baldwin{at}ice.mpg.de; fax
49-3641-571102.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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