First published online April 3, 2003; 10.1104/pp.102.014548
Plant Physiol, May 2003, Vol. 132, pp. 282-291
Plant Movement. Submergence-Induced Petiole Elongation in
Rumex palustris Depends on Hyponastic
Growth1
Marjolein C.H.
Cox,*
Frank F.
Millenaar,
Yvonne E.M.
de Jong
van Berkel,
Anton J.M.
Peeters, and
Laurentius A.C.J.
Voesenek
Plant Ecophysiology, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA
Utrecht, The Netherlands
The submergence-tolerant species Rumex palustris
(Sm.) responds to complete submergence by an increase in petiole angle
with the horizontal. This hyponastic growth, in combination with
stimulated elongation of the petiole, can bring the leaf tips above the
water surface, thus restoring gas exchange and enabling survival. Using a computerized digital camera set-up the kinetics of this hyponastic petiole movement and stimulated petiole elongation were studied. The
hyponastic growth is a relatively rapid process that starts after a lag
phase of 1.5 to 3 h and is completed after 6 to 7 h. The
kinetics of hyponastic growth depend on the initial angle of the
petiole at the time of submergence, a factor showing considerable seasonal variation. For example, lower petiole angles at the time of
submergence result in a shorter lag phase for hyponastic growth. This
dependency of the hyponastic growth kinetics can be mimicked by
experimentally manipulating the petiole angle at the time of submergence. Stimulated petiole elongation in response to complete submergence also shows kinetics that are dependent on the petiole angle
at the time of submergence, with lower initial petiole angles resulting
in a longer lag phase for petiole elongation. Angle manipulation
experiments show that stimulated petiole elongation can only start when
the petiole has reached an angle of 40° to 50°. The petiole can
reach this "critical angle" for stimulated petiole elongation by
the process of hyponastic growth. This research shows a functional
dependency of one response to submergence in R.
palustris (stimulated petiole elongation) on another
response (hyponastic petiole growth), because petiole elongation can
only contribute to the leaf reaching the water surface when the petiole has a more or less upright position.
1
This work was supported by the Dutch Science
Foundation (PIONIER grant no. 800.84.470).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail M.C.H.Cox{at}bio.uu.nl; fax
31-30-2518366.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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