First published online April 3, 2003; 10.1104/pp.102.017178
Plant Physiol, May 2003, Vol. 132, pp. 300-310
Chloroplast Membrane Photostability in chlP
Transgenic Tobacco Plants Deficient in Tocopherols
Michel
Havaux,*
Cornelius
Lütz, and
Bernhard
Grimm
Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)/Cadarache,
Département d'Écophysiologie Végétale et de Microbiologie,
Unité Mixte de Recherche CEA-Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique 163, Université Méditerranée CEA 1000, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.); Institute of Botany,
Department of Physiology and Cell Physiology of Alpine Plants,
University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, A-6020 Innsbruck,
Austria (C.L.); GSF-National Research Center for Environment and
Health, Munich, Department of Environmental Engineering, D-85764
Neuherberg, Germany (C.L.); and Humboldt University, Institute of
Biology, Phillipstrasse 13, Haus 12, D-10155 Berlin, Germany
(B.G.)
The phototolerance of three chlP transgenic
tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines, affected in
geranylgeranyl reductase and, hence, deficient in tocopherols
(vitamin E), was estimated by in vivo luminescence and fluorescence
measurements and was compared with that of the wild type (WT). Exposure
of leaf discs to high light (1 mmol photon m 2
s1) and low temperature (10°C) led to a rapid
inhibition of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry that showed little
dependence on the tocopherol level. PSII photo-inhibition was followed
by lipid peroxidation with a time delay of about 4 h, and this
phenomenon was exacerbated in the tocopherol-deficient leaves. A linear
correlation was observed in these short-term experiments between
resistance to photooxidation and tocopherol content. When whole plants
were exposed to the same treatment, PSII was severely photo-inhibited in mature leaves of all genotypes. Lipid peroxidation was also observed
in all plants, but it occurred much more rapidly in
tocopherol-deficient transgenic plants relative to WT plants. The time
at which extensive lipid peroxidation occurred was correlated with the
tocopherol content of the leaves. The present results show that
tocopherols protect thylakoid membranes against photodestruction
through lipid peroxidation. However, tocopherol deficiency was
compensated in young, developing leaves that were able to
photo-acclimate in the long term and did not suffer from photooxidative
damage. Soluble antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbate) did not
accumulate in photo-acclimated chlP transgenic leaves
relative to WT leaves. In contrast, a selective accumulation of
xanthophyll cycle pigments was observed in young transgenic leaves, and
this could represent a compensatory mechanism for tocopherol deficiency.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail michel.havaux{at}cea.fr;
fax 33-4-4225-6265.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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