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Plant Physiol, May 2003, Vol. 132, pp. 52-63
CACTA Transposons in Triticeae. A Diverse Family of High-Copy
Repetitive Elements1
Thomas
Wicker,
Romain
Guyot,
Nabila
Yahiaoui, and
Beat
Keller*
Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse
107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
In comparison with retrotransposons, which comprise the
majority of the Triticeae genomes, very few class 2 transposons
have been described in these genomes. Based on the recent
discovery of a local accumulation of CACTA elements at the
Glu-A3 loci in the two wheat species Triticum
monococcum and Triticum durum, we performed a
database search for additional such elements in Triticeae spp. A
combination of BLAST search and dot-plot analysis of publicly
available Triticeae sequences led to the identification of 41 CACTA
elements. Only seven of them encode a protein similar to known
transposases, whereas the other 34 are considered to be deletion
derivatives. A detailed characterization of the identified elements
allowed a further classification into seven subgroups. The major
subgroup, designated the "Caspar " family, was shown by hybridization to be present in at least 3,000 copies in the T. monococcum genome. The close association of numerous
CACTA elements with genes and the identification of several similar elements in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and rice
(Oryza sativa) led to the conclusion that CACTA elements
contribute significantly to genome size and to organization and
evolution of grass genomes.
1
This work was supported by the Swiss National
Science Foundation (grant no. 31-65114.01).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail bkeller{at}botinst.unizh.ch; fax
41-1-634-82-04.
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
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