First published online April 17, 2003; 10.1104/pp.102.017145
Plant Physiology 132:757-767 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION
Arabidopsis hot Mutants Define Multiple Functions Required for Acclimation to High Temperatures1
Suk-Whan Hong2,
Ung Lee and
Elizabeth Vierling*
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
Plants acquire thermotolerance to lethal high temperatures if first exposed to moderately high temperature or if temperature is increased gradually to an otherwise lethal temperature. We have taken a genetic approach to dissecting acquired thermotolerance by characterizing loss-of-function thermotolerance mutants in Arabidopsis. In previous work, we identified single recessive alleles of four loci required for thermotolerance of hypocotyl elongation, hot1-1, hot2-1, hot3-1, and hot4-1. Completed screening of M2 progeny from approximately 2500 M1 plants has now identified new alleles of three of these original loci, along with three new loci. The low mutant frequency suggests that a relatively small number of genes make a major contribution to this phenotype or that other thermotolerance genes encode essential or redundant functions. Further analysis of the original four loci was performed to define the nature of their thermotolerance defects. Although the HOT1 locus was shown previously to encode a major heat shock protein (Hsp), Hsp101, chromosomal map positions indicate that HOT2, 3, and 4 do not correspond to major Hsp or heat shock transcription factor genes. Measurement of thermotolerance at different growth stages reveals that the mutants have growth stage-specific heat sensitivity. Analysis of Hsp accumulation shows that hot2 and hot4 produce normal levels of Hsps, whereas hot3 shows reduced accumulation. Thermotolerance of luciferase activity and of ion leakage also varies in the mutants. These data provide the first direct genetic evidence, to our knowledge, that distinct functions, independent of Hsp synthesis, are required for thermotolerance, including protection of membrane integrity and recovery of protein activity/synthesis.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.102.017145.
1 This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program grant no. 99–35100–7618) and by the Department of Energy (Energy Biosciences grant no. DE–FG03–99ER20338) to E.V.
2 Present address: Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbongdong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500–757, Korea.
* Corresponding author; e-mail vierling{at}u.arizona.edu; fax 520–621–1601.
Received November 5, 2002;
returned for revision December 10, 2002;
accepted December 10, 2002.
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