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First published online June 5, 2003; 10.1104/pp.102.017533

Plant Physiology 132:1207-1216 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists

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GENETICS, GENOMICS, AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION

Temperature Shift Coordinately Changes the Activity and the Methylation State of Transposon Tam3 in Antirrhinum majus

Shin-nosuke Hashida, Ken Kitamura, Tetsuo Mikami and Yuji Kishima*

Laboratories of Genetic Engineering (S.-n.H., K.K., T.M., Y.K.) and Plant Breeding (Y.K.), Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan

The transposition frequency of Tam3 in Antirrhinum majus, unlike that of most other cut-and-paste-type transposons, is tightly controlled by temperature: Tam3 transposes rarely at 25°C, but much more frequently at 15°C. Here, we studied the mechanism of the low-temperature-dependent transposition (LTDT) of Tam3. Our results strongly suggest that LTDT is not likely to be due to either transcriptional regulation or posttranscriptional regulation of the Tam3 TPase gene. We found that temperature shift induced a remarkable change of the methylation state unique to Tam3 sequences in the genome: Higher temperature resulted in hypermethylation, whereas lower temperature resulted in reduced methylation. The methylation state was reversible within a single generation in response to a temperature shift. Although our data demonstrate a close link between LTDT and the methylation of Tam3, they also suggest that secondary factor(s) other than DNA methylation is involved in repression of Tam3 transposition.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.102.017533.

* Corresponding author; e-mail kishima{at}abs.agr.hokudai.ac.jp; fax 81-11-706-4934.

Received November 11, 2002; returned for revision January 20, 2003; accepted March 6, 2003.




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